Lower Limb Clinical Anatomy Flashcards
What are the main bones of the pelvis?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
How does the hip joint undergo avascular necrosis?
As the small end arteries in the head are susceptible to blockage
Which is the main abductor muscle?
Gluteus medius
What test assesses the function of adductors of the hip?
Trendelenburg test
Which muscle is the most powerful flexor of the hip?
Iliopsoas
Which nerve supplies the adductors of the hip?
Obturator
Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve
What test should be done in any patient with knee trauma?
Straight leg raise
The hamstrings are supplied by what nerve?
Sciatic nerve
Why can hip pathology present with knee pain?
As the obturator nerve can radiate pain
Which ROM is the first to test in hip pathology?
Internal rotation
The adductor hiatus transmits what?
Femoral artery and vein
What two types of cartilage are seen in the knee?
Hyaline
Fibrocartilaginous menisci
What is the function of the menisci?
Shock absorbers
Why does the medial menisci more commonly tear?
As it is fixed
What is the function of the MCL?
Resist valgus stress (prevents knock-kneeing)
What is the function of the LCL?
Resists varus stress
What is the function of the ACL?
Resists internal rotation and anterior translation of tibia
What is the function of the PCL?
Resists posterior tibia translation
What is the clinical importance of the leg having 6 degrees of valgus?
Centres of hip, knee and ankle align perfectly meaning there is symmetric distribution of load
What is the function of bursae?
Reduce friction
Which people commonly get bursitis?
Those who kneel a lot
How many lateral ligaments need to be incompetent for instability?
2 out of 3
What is abnormal connection between tarsal bones known as?
Tarsal coalition
Imbalance of the flexor and extensor tendons can lead to which toe deformities?
Claw and hammer toe
