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Musculoskeletal > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

An inflammation of the bone and medullary cavity

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2
Q

Which bones does osteomyelitis tend to affect?

A

Long bones

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3
Q

What is the gold standard test in diagnosing osteomyelitis?

A

Bone biopsy

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4
Q

How does acute osteomyelitis present?

A 
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
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5
Q

When should antimicrobials be given before a culture result?

A

Sepsis syndrome

Soft tissue infection

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6
Q

When is open fracture osteomyelitis commonly seen?

A

Following a trauma incident (car crash)

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7
Q

Do patients with diabetes commonly get osteomyelitis?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Which groups of people commonly get haematogenous osteomyelitis?

A

Prepubertal children
PWID
Dialysis patients
Central line patients

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9
Q

What organisms tend to cause haematogenous osteomyelitis?

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococci

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10
Q

What is the commonest cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis in dialysis patients?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

What are some unusual sites of osteomyelitis?

A

Pubis (urogynae procedures)

Clavicle (neck surgery)

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12
Q

Give a patient risk group for osteomyelitis

A

Sickle cell anaemia

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13
Q

What are some clinical signs of osteomyelitis?

A

Fever
Insidious pain and tenderness
Raised inflammatory markers

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14
Q

How is vertebral osteomyelitis treated?

A

Drain abscesses

Antimicrobials for 6 weeks minimum

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15
Q

Which bacterium is a cause of Pott’s disease, a skeletal osteomyelitis?

A

Tuberculosis

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16
Q

Give some risk factors for prosthetic joint infection

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Obesity

17
Q

How is prosthetic joint infection diagnosed?

A

Cultures
CRP
Radiology

18
Q

How is coagulase negative staphylococci treated?

A

Vancomycin

19
Q

How is prosthetic joint infection treated?

A

Removal of prosthesis
6 weeks of aggressive antibiotic therapy
Re-implantation of the joint

20
Q

How can septic arthritis be spread?

A

Haematogenously
Direct invasion
From infectious focus
From osteomyelitis

21
Q

What is septic arthritis?

A

An inflammation of the joint space caused by infection

22
Q

Give some bacterial causes of septic arthritis

A

Staph aureus
Strep
Neisseria gonorrhoea

23
Q

How is septic arthritis diagnosed?

A

Joint fluid for microscopy, culture and sensitivty

24
Q

How is septic arthritis treated?

A

Presumptive treatment of flucloxacillin
Add ceftriaxone if under 5
Adjust when organisms confirmed

25
Q

What is pyomyositis?

A

Muscle inflammation caused by infection

26
Q

What is tetanus?

A

When a neurotoxin prevents release of inhibitory neurons causing spastic paralysis

27
Q

How is tetanus diagnosed?

A

Clinical spastic paralysis (lockjaw)

28
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A

Surgical debridement
Antitoxin
Antibiotics
Booster vaccination

Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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