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Musculoskeletal > Joint Physiology > Flashcards

Joint Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of joint in the human skeleton?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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2
Q

Give an example of a synovial joint

A

Knee joint

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3
Q

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint

A

Intervertebral disc

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4
Q

Give an example of a fibrous joint

A

Suture

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5
Q

Does a fibrous joint allow movement?

A

No

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6
Q

Does a cartilaginous joint allow movement?

A

Some

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7
Q

Describe a synovial joint

A

A synovial joint consists of bones separated by a cavity and united by a fibrous capsule

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8
Q

What does the inner aspect of the fibrous capsule contain?

A

Synovial membrane

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9
Q

What does the synovial membrane produce?

A

Synovial fluid

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10
Q

Differentiate between simple and compound synovial joints

A

A simple synovial joint has one pair of articular surfaces, a compound has more than one

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11
Q

Give some extra-articular structures that support joints

A

Ligament
Bursa
Tendon

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12
Q

What are the role of joints during purposeful motion?

A

Stress distribution
Stability
Joint lubrication

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13
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates joint
Facilitates joint movement
Gives nutrition to articular cartilage and chondrocytes
Removes waste products from chondrocytes

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14
Q

The synovial fluid half-fills the joint cavity. True/false?

A

False - it fills the joint cavity

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15
Q

What is the normal appearance of synovial fluid?

A

Clear and colourless

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16
Q

When might the WBC of synovial fluid increase?

A

Inflammatory and septic arthritis

17
Q

In what conditions does synovial fluid turn red?

A

Haemorrhagic arthritis

18
Q

What are the main functions of articular cartilage?

A

Prevent wear and tear

Distribute pressure

19
Q

Articular cartilage consists of what zones?

A

Superficial
Middle
Deep
Calcified

20
Q

Articular cartilage has a special extracellular matrix. Name the componets of the ECM

A

Water
Collagen
Proteoglycans

21
Q

What is the function of the water in the ECM?

A

Maintain resiliency of tissue and contribute to nutrition

22
Q

What is the function of collagen in ECM?

A

Provide tensile stiffness and strength

23
Q

What is the function of proteoglycan in ECM?

A

Load bearing

24
Q

What maintains the ECM of articular cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

25
Q

Name some catabolic factors of ECM turnover

A

TNF alpha

IL-1

26
Q

Name some anabolic factors of ECM turnover

A

TGF

IFG-1

27
Q

What are some markers of cartilage degradation?

A

High serum and synovial keratin sulfate

Type II collagen in synovial fluid

28
Q

Synovial cell proliferation in a joint can cause?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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