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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Vasculature of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Vasculature of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

a cricothyrotomy can be complicated by what vein?

A

anterior jugular vein

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2
Q

jugular venous pressure/pulse can indicate what?

A

heart problems

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3
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis is caused by drainage from what vein?

A

superior and inferior angular veins (near nasal area) through ophthalmic veins to cavernous sinus

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4
Q

describe the middle meningial a.

A
  • supply dura and calvaria
  • pterion - site of damage
  • epidural hematoma site
  • enters via foramen spinosum
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5
Q

what structures run through the cavernous sinus?

A
  • internal carotid a., CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI run through
  • CN II just runs in front
  • pituitary sits inside it
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6
Q

name the 4 regions of the internal carotid artery

A

also know the relative areas within the skull where the divisions are

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7
Q

which foramen does the ophthalmic artery exit the skull, and which areas does it supply?

A
  • optic canal
  • all parts of orbit: retina, extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland
  • ethmoid bone (nasal cavity)
  • superficial branches that supply facial tissues around the eye: dorsal nasal, frontal (supratrochlear), and supraorbital
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8
Q

where does the superior thyroid a. come off of the external carotid a.?

A

ventral

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9
Q

describe the anastomoses that can occur with the superior thyroid a.

A

contralateral superior thyroid artery (ex. carotid a.) and inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical a.)

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10
Q

name the 4 branches of the superior thyroid a. and what they supply. where does the branching start (which triangle)?

A
  • superior laryngeal - larynx
  • cricothyroid - larynx
  • hyoid - strap muscles adjacent to hyoid bone
  • SCM - sternocleidomastoid
  • branching starts in carotid triangle
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11
Q

where does the ascending pharyngeal a. go? name its branches

A
  • ascends deep to stylopharyngeus, anterior to ear
  • pharyngeal, meningeal, and tympanic branches
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12
Q

what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A
  • pharyngeal constrictors
  • stylopharyngeus
  • soft palate
  • all soft palate muscles except levator veli palatini (middle meningeal artery)
  • palatine tonsil
  • meninges
  • middle ear
  • auditory tube
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13
Q

where does the superficial temporal a. go?

A

ascends within parotid gland, anterior to ear

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14
Q

where does the occipital a. go?

A

runs deep to posterior belly of digastric

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15
Q

what are the branches of the occipital a., and what do they supply?

A
  • SCM branch - SCM
  • auricular branch - posterior aspect of ear
  • meningeal branch - posterior dura and cranial bones
  • descending branch - suboccipital and deep back muscles of the neck
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16
Q

describe anastomoses created by the occipital a.

A
  • descending branch of the occipital a., transverse cervical a. (thyrocervical trunk), and vertebral a.
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17
Q

what are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery and the general regions they supply?

A
  • mandibular - ear and mandible
  • pterygoid - muscles of mastication
  • pterygopalatine - maxilla, palate, nasal
18
Q

describe the branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery that run inferiorly

A
  • mylohyoid branch - serves mylohyoid
  • inferior alveolar - teeth and gums, ends as mental a.
  • mental - chin and lower lip, anastomosis with submental and inferior labial aa.
19
Q

describe the branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery that run superiorly

A
  • deep auricular - TMJ, tympanic membrane, external acoustic meatus
  • ant. tympanic - middle ear cavity
  • middle meningial a.
20
Q

name the 4 branches in the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery (hint - serves muscles of mastication)

A
  • temporal branch - runs superior
  • masseteric branch - runs inferior
  • pterygoid branches - run inferior
  • buccal branch - runs inferior
21
Q

name the 4 main branches of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery and their respective branches

A
  • infraorbital (infraorbital foramen): superior alveolar - anterior/supply front teeth
  • superior alveolar - middle and posterior branches
  • descending palatine: greater and lesser palatine aa. (greater and lesser palatine foramen)
  • sphenopalatine: posterior nasal and posterior septal branches
22
Q

T or F:
the nasal wall and septum are supplied by the external carotid only

A

false:

vascular supply by both ICA and ECA

  • ICA: ophthalmic a. - anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa.
  • ECA: maxillary a. - sphenopalatine a. - posterior septal and nasal aa.
23
Q

describe Kiesselbach’s area

A

anastomoses of 4 arteries in nasal wall and septum (bloody nose here)

  • ethmoidal a. (ophthalmic a.)
  • septal a. (maxillary a.)
  • greater palatine a. (maxillary a.)
  • superior labial a. (facial a.)
24
Q

what sits in the sella turcica?

A
  • cavernous sinus
  • pituitary gland
25
Q

where does the lingual a. go?

A

runs deep to the hyoglossus m.

26
Q

name the 3 branches of the lingual a.

A
  • dorsal lingual
  • deep lingual
  • sublingual
27
Q

what does the lingual a. and its branches supply?

A
  • tongue, palatine tonsil, sublingual gland
  • dorsal branch - p. tongue, tonsils
  • deep branch - a. tongue
  • siblingual branch - sublingual glands
28
Q

describe the anastomoses within the lingual a.

A
  • dorsal branch anastomoses with contralateral a.
29
Q

T or F:

deep and sublingual branches of the lingual a. form an anastomosis

A

false

they cannot anastomose due to the lingual septum

30
Q

where does the facial a. go?

A

runs deep to digastric sling and submandibular gland, and emerges over the body of the mandible

31
Q

name the 5 branches of the facial a.

A
  • tonsillar
  • superior labial
  • inferior labial
  • lateral nasal
  • angular
32
Q

superficial course of what artery can allow manual reduction in flow at the mandible?

A

facial artery

33
Q

describe the anastomoses of the facial a.

A
  • anastomosis with ophthalmic a. via angular branch
  • anastomosis with mental a. (inf. alveolar a.) via inferior labial a.
34
Q

what do each of the branches of the facial artery supply?

A
  • tonsillar branch - palatine tonsils
  • labial branches - external surface of lips
  • lateral nasal branch - dorsal and lateral surface of nose
  • angular branch - dorsal nasal branch to superior ophthalmic a., external medial orbit
35
Q

where does the superficial temporal artery go?

A

ascends within the parotid gland, anterior to ear

36
Q

name the branches of the superficial temporal a.

A
  • transverse facial
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • zygomatic/orbital
37
Q

where can a pulse be felt on the superficial temporal a.?

A

superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior to the ear

38
Q

what do the branches of the superficial temporal a. supply?

A
  • transverse facial branch - parotid gland, facial muscles, masseter and temporalis
  • zygomatic branch - skin, muscles towards orbits
  • frontal branch - skin and muscles over frontal bone, can anastomose with supraorbital arteries
  • parietal branch - skin, superior auricular muscle
39
Q

where does the posterior auricular artery go?

A

ascends superior to posterior digastric; runs between external acoustic meatus and mastoid process

40
Q

T or F:

there are no major branches of the posterior auricular a.

A

true

41
Q

what does the posterior auricular a. supply?

A

scalp and posterior ear

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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