The Neck Flashcards
functions of the hyoid bone
- depress mandible
- elevate ribs
- elevate or depress larynx
which two muscles are embedded within the investing fascia, and what are they innervated by?
- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
- both innervated by the spinal accessory n.
which 3 layers are included in the pretracheal fascia?
- muscular - surrounds infrahyoid muscles
- visceral - surrounds the thyroid gland
- buccopharyngeal - posterior to esophagus
the sympathetic trunk is surrounded by what fascia?
- alar fascia (anterior)
- prevertebral fascia (posterior)
- **the alar fascia is part of the prevertebral fascia
what separates the retropharyngeal space from the alar space?
alar fascia
rank the following from most anterior to most posterior:
alar space
trachea
alar fascia
retropharyngeal space
sympathetic trunk
prevertebral fascia
buccopharyngeal fascia
- trachea
- buccopharyngeal fascia
- retropharyngeal space
- alar fascia
- alar space/ sympathetic trunk
- prevertebral fascia
the ansa cervicalis is formed by which 3 nerves?
- superior root (C1)
- inferior root (C2-C3)
which 4 nerves innervate cutaneous tissues?
- lesser occipital n. (C2)
- great auricular n. (C2-C3): lateral neck up to lower ear
- transverse cervical n. (C2-C3): anterior neck
- supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4): clavicle area
what are features of the carotid sinus and carotid body?
- components of the internal carotid a.
- sinus - baroreceptors (pressure regulation); CN IX
- body - chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, pH, temp regulation); CN IX
what is one way to tell the difference between the external and internal carotid aa?
- if it gives off branches, it is external
- if it goes straight to the brain, it is internal
name the branches of the external carotid a. in order of branching (first branch to last)
- superior thyroid a. (first branch, runs inferior)
- ascending pharyngeal a.
- lingual a.
- facial a.
- occipital a.
- posterior auricular a.
- maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. (terminal branches)
the superior thyroid a. supplies what?
- anterior strap m.
- thyroid cartilage
- larynx
- thyroid gland
- SCM
the ascending pharyngeal a. supplies what?
- pharyngeal m.
- inner tympanic region
- posterior meningeal a.
the lingual a. supplies what?
- oral cavity and floow
- tongue
- epiglottis
- sublingual glands
the facial a. supplies what?
- superficial face and muscles
- infraorbital
- superior and inferior labial
- inferior alveolar
- submental
the occipital a. supplies what?
- suboccipital muscles
- dorsal muscles
- skin and scalp (dorsum)
the posterior auricular a. supplies what?
- most inner/middle ear
- posterolateral scalp
the superficial temporal a. supplies what?
- temporal and zygomatic region, muscles, and bone
which vv drain into the internal jugular v.?
- facial v.
- superficial temporal v.
- maxillary v.
- anterior division retromandibular v.
- common facial v.
which vv drain into the external jugular v?
- pterygoid plexus of vv.
- superficial temporal v.
- maxillary v.
- posterior auricular v.
- external jugular vein eventually drains into the subclavian v.
retromandibular v. anastomoses allows blood to flow into which 2 vv.?
internal or external jugular vv.
pterygoid plexus allows blood to drain into what sinus?
cavernous sinus, which is superior to the pterygoid plexus
function of suprahyoid mm.
- elevate the hyoid bone and larynx
- can also help depress the mandible
which nerves innervate the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric m.?
- anterior belly: CN V3 (3rd branch)
- posterior belly: CN VII
