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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the hyoid bone

A
  • depress mandible
  • elevate ribs
  • elevate or depress larynx
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2
Q

which two muscles are embedded within the investing fascia, and what are they innervated by?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
  • both innervated by the spinal accessory n.
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3
Q

which 3 layers are included in the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • muscular - surrounds infrahyoid muscles
  • visceral - surrounds the thyroid gland
  • buccopharyngeal - posterior to esophagus
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4
Q

the sympathetic trunk is surrounded by what fascia?

A
  • alar fascia (anterior)
  • prevertebral fascia (posterior)
  • **the alar fascia is part of the prevertebral fascia
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5
Q

what separates the retropharyngeal space from the alar space?

A

alar fascia

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6
Q

rank the following from most anterior to most posterior:

alar space
trachea
alar fascia
retropharyngeal space
sympathetic trunk
prevertebral fascia
buccopharyngeal fascia

A
  • trachea
  • buccopharyngeal fascia
  • retropharyngeal space
  • alar fascia
  • alar space/ sympathetic trunk
  • prevertebral fascia
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7
Q

the ansa cervicalis is formed by which 3 nerves?

A
  • superior root (C1)
  • inferior root (C2-C3)
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8
Q

which 4 nerves innervate cutaneous tissues?

A
  • lesser occipital n. (C2)
  • great auricular n. (C2-C3): lateral neck up to lower ear
  • transverse cervical n. (C2-C3): anterior neck
  • supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4): clavicle area
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9
Q

what are features of the carotid sinus and carotid body?

A
  • components of the internal carotid a.
  • sinus - baroreceptors (pressure regulation); CN IX
  • body - chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, pH, temp regulation); CN IX
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10
Q

what is one way to tell the difference between the external and internal carotid aa?

A
  • if it gives off branches, it is external
  • if it goes straight to the brain, it is internal
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11
Q

name the branches of the external carotid a. in order of branching (first branch to last)

A
  • superior thyroid a. (first branch, runs inferior)
  • ascending pharyngeal a.
  • lingual a.
  • facial a.
  • occipital a.
  • posterior auricular a.
  • maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. (terminal branches)
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12
Q

the superior thyroid a. supplies what?

A
  • anterior strap m.
  • thyroid cartilage
  • larynx
  • thyroid gland
  • SCM
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13
Q

the ascending pharyngeal a. supplies what?

A
  • pharyngeal m.
  • inner tympanic region
  • posterior meningeal a.
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14
Q

the lingual a. supplies what?

A
  • oral cavity and floow
  • tongue
  • epiglottis
  • sublingual glands
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15
Q

the facial a. supplies what?

A
  • superficial face and muscles
  • infraorbital
  • superior and inferior labial
  • inferior alveolar
  • submental
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16
Q

the occipital a. supplies what?

A
  • suboccipital muscles
  • dorsal muscles
  • skin and scalp (dorsum)
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17
Q

the posterior auricular a. supplies what?

A
  • most inner/middle ear
  • posterolateral scalp
18
Q

the superficial temporal a. supplies what?

A
  • temporal and zygomatic region, muscles, and bone
19
Q

which vv drain into the internal jugular v.?

A
  • facial v.
  • superficial temporal v.
  • maxillary v.
  • anterior division retromandibular v.
  • common facial v.
20
Q

which vv drain into the external jugular v?

A
  • pterygoid plexus of vv.
  • superficial temporal v.
  • maxillary v.
  • posterior auricular v.
  • external jugular vein eventually drains into the subclavian v.
21
Q

retromandibular v. anastomoses allows blood to flow into which 2 vv.?

A

internal or external jugular vv.

22
Q

pterygoid plexus allows blood to drain into what sinus?

A

cavernous sinus, which is superior to the pterygoid plexus

23
Q

function of suprahyoid mm.

A
  • elevate the hyoid bone and larynx
  • can also help depress the mandible
24
Q

which nerves innervate the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric m.?

A
  • anterior belly: CN V3 (3rd branch)
  • posterior belly: CN VII
25
Q

which nerve innervates the stylohyoid m.?

A

CN VII (facial n.)

26
Q

what is the function of the mylohyoid m. and what n. innervates it?

A
  • elevates base of tongue and floor of mouth
  • innervated by CN V3
27
Q

what is the function of the infrahyoid mm. and what n. are they innervated by?

A
  • depress the hyoid bone and larynx
  • can also depress the mandible when working with the suprahyoid mm.
  • innervated by the ansa cervicalis n.
28
Q

what is the funciton of the longus coli/cap. m.?

A

flex the neck

29
Q

what is the function of the scalenes?

A
  • flex neck (bilateral)
  • tilt head to same side (unilateral)
  • also aids respiration (elevation of 1st and 2nd ribs)
30
Q

which 2 muscles serve as borders of the triangles of the neck?

A

SCM and trapezius

31
Q

the anterior and posterior triangles are separated by what muscle?

A

SCM

32
Q

which fascia is in the roof of the posterior triangle, and which is in the floor?

A
  • roof: deep investing fascia
  • floor: prevertebral fascia
33
Q

which structures are included in the interscalene triangle of the posterior triangle?

A
  • anterior scalene m.
  • brachial plexus
  • middle scalene m.
34
Q

what forms the borders of the muscular triangle?

A
  • superior belly of omohyoid
  • midline
  • SCM
35
Q

what forms the borders of the submental triangle?

A
  • anterior digastric (R and L)
  • hyoid bone
36
Q

what forms the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • anterior digastric
  • posterior digastric
  • mandible
37
Q

what forms the borders of the carotid triangle?

A
  • superior omohyoid
  • posterior digastric
  • SCM
38
Q

what are characteristics of the thyroid?

A
  • L and R lobes
  • isthmus (separates lobes)
  • supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid aa., and the superior laryngeal a.
  • drained by the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid vv.
  • innervated by the superior and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nn.
39
Q

what 3 aa branch off of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • inferior thyroid a. (has ascending cervical a. branch)
  • transverse cervical a.
  • suprascapular a.
40
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain?

A

into the left subclavian v. distal to the internal jugular v.

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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