The Neck Flashcards
functions of the hyoid bone
- depress mandible
- elevate ribs
- elevate or depress larynx
which two muscles are embedded within the investing fascia, and what are they innervated by?
- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
- both innervated by the spinal accessory n.
which 3 layers are included in the pretracheal fascia?
- muscular - surrounds infrahyoid muscles
- visceral - surrounds the thyroid gland
- buccopharyngeal - posterior to esophagus
the sympathetic trunk is surrounded by what fascia?
- alar fascia (anterior)
- prevertebral fascia (posterior)
- **the alar fascia is part of the prevertebral fascia
what separates the retropharyngeal space from the alar space?
alar fascia
rank the following from most anterior to most posterior:
alar space
trachea
alar fascia
retropharyngeal space
sympathetic trunk
prevertebral fascia
buccopharyngeal fascia
- trachea
- buccopharyngeal fascia
- retropharyngeal space
- alar fascia
- alar space/ sympathetic trunk
- prevertebral fascia
the ansa cervicalis is formed by which 3 nerves?
- superior root (C1)
- inferior root (C2-C3)
which 4 nerves innervate cutaneous tissues?
- lesser occipital n. (C2)
- great auricular n. (C2-C3): lateral neck up to lower ear
- transverse cervical n. (C2-C3): anterior neck
- supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4): clavicle area
what are features of the carotid sinus and carotid body?
- components of the internal carotid a.
- sinus - baroreceptors (pressure regulation); CN IX
- body - chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, pH, temp regulation); CN IX
what is one way to tell the difference between the external and internal carotid aa?
- if it gives off branches, it is external
- if it goes straight to the brain, it is internal
name the branches of the external carotid a. in order of branching (first branch to last)
- superior thyroid a. (first branch, runs inferior)
- ascending pharyngeal a.
- lingual a.
- facial a.
- occipital a.
- posterior auricular a.
- maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. (terminal branches)
the superior thyroid a. supplies what?
- anterior strap m.
- thyroid cartilage
- larynx
- thyroid gland
- SCM
the ascending pharyngeal a. supplies what?
- pharyngeal m.
- inner tympanic region
- posterior meningeal a.
the lingual a. supplies what?
- oral cavity and floow
- tongue
- epiglottis
- sublingual glands
the facial a. supplies what?
- superficial face and muscles
- infraorbital
- superior and inferior labial
- inferior alveolar
- submental
the occipital a. supplies what?
- suboccipital muscles
- dorsal muscles
- skin and scalp (dorsum)
the posterior auricular a. supplies what?
- most inner/middle ear
- posterolateral scalp
the superficial temporal a. supplies what?
- temporal and zygomatic region, muscles, and bone
which vv drain into the internal jugular v.?
- facial v.
- superficial temporal v.
- maxillary v.
- anterior division retromandibular v.
- common facial v.
which vv drain into the external jugular v?
- pterygoid plexus of vv.
- superficial temporal v.
- maxillary v.
- posterior auricular v.
- external jugular vein eventually drains into the subclavian v.
retromandibular v. anastomoses allows blood to flow into which 2 vv.?
internal or external jugular vv.
pterygoid plexus allows blood to drain into what sinus?
cavernous sinus, which is superior to the pterygoid plexus
function of suprahyoid mm.
- elevate the hyoid bone and larynx
- can also help depress the mandible
which nerves innervate the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric m.?
- anterior belly: CN V3 (3rd branch)
- posterior belly: CN VII
which nerve innervates the stylohyoid m.?
CN VII (facial n.)
what is the function of the mylohyoid m. and what n. innervates it?
- elevates base of tongue and floor of mouth
- innervated by CN V3
what is the function of the infrahyoid mm. and what n. are they innervated by?
- depress the hyoid bone and larynx
- can also depress the mandible when working with the suprahyoid mm.
- innervated by the ansa cervicalis n.
what is the funciton of the longus coli/cap. m.?
flex the neck
what is the function of the scalenes?
- flex neck (bilateral)
- tilt head to same side (unilateral)
- also aids respiration (elevation of 1st and 2nd ribs)
which 2 muscles serve as borders of the triangles of the neck?
SCM and trapezius
the anterior and posterior triangles are separated by what muscle?
SCM
which fascia is in the roof of the posterior triangle, and which is in the floor?
- roof: deep investing fascia
- floor: prevertebral fascia
which structures are included in the interscalene triangle of the posterior triangle?
- anterior scalene m.
- brachial plexus
- middle scalene m.
what forms the borders of the muscular triangle?
- superior belly of omohyoid
- midline
- SCM
what forms the borders of the submental triangle?
- anterior digastric (R and L)
- hyoid bone
what forms the borders of the submandibular triangle?
- anterior digastric
- posterior digastric
- mandible
what forms the borders of the carotid triangle?
- superior omohyoid
- posterior digastric
- SCM
what are characteristics of the thyroid?
- L and R lobes
- isthmus (separates lobes)
- supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid aa., and the superior laryngeal a.
- drained by the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid vv.
- innervated by the superior and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nn.
what 3 aa branch off of the thyrocervical trunk?
- inferior thyroid a. (has ascending cervical a. branch)
- transverse cervical a.
- suprascapular a.
where does the thoracic duct drain?
into the left subclavian v. distal to the internal jugular v.
