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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

trace the vascular supply to and from the testes

A

TO: descending aorta -> deep inguinal ring -> inguinal canal -> spermatic cord -> testes FROM: testes -> spermatic cord -> inguinal canal -> deep inguinal ring -> IVC (right side) or left renal vein (left side)

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2
Q

what is the function of seminal vesicles?

A

add sugar-rich fluids to sperm

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3
Q

what is the function of the ejaculatory duct?

A

tube where seminal vesicle secretions and sperm mix; empties into prostatic urethra

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4
Q

what are the dual functions of the male urethra?

A

void bladder and pathway for semen

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5
Q

what is the function of the prostate gland?

A

secretions contribute to semen (sperm motility); smooth muscle contracts and expels semen into urethra

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6
Q

what is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

secretes fluid that neutralizes the urethra to prepare it for semen

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7
Q

what do the ovaries produce?

A

female gametes (ova)

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8
Q

which two female sex hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A

estrogen and progesterone

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9
Q

describe the arterial supply of the ovaries

A

ovarian arteries and ovarian branch off uterine artery

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10
Q

where can an anastomoses occur in the female reproductive system?

A

-between the ovarian arteries and ovarian branch of the uterine artery

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11
Q

describe how veinous drainage of ovaries is not bilateral

A

right ovarian veins drain directly into IVC; left ovarian veins drain into left renal vein and then into IVC

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12
Q

what are 4 anatomical characteristics of the uterine tube?

A
  • fimbriae: create current to sweep oocyte from peritoneal cavity into uterine tube through the external os
  • infundibulum - region of uterine tube connected to fimbriae
  • ampulla - region of uterine tube between infundibulum and isthmus; usual site of fertilization
  • isthmus - region of uterine tube that connects to the uterus via internal os
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13
Q

what are the 3 regions of the uterus?

A
  • fundus - topmost; usual site of implantation in endometrium
  • body
  • cervix
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14
Q

the cervical canal communicates with the vagina via the _______, and the uterine body via the _______.

A

external os, internal os

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15
Q

what is the function of the cervical gland secretions?

A

mucus secretion blocks sperm entry except during midcycle

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16
Q

what is the broad ligament?

A
  • reflection of the peritoneum between the uterus and lateral pelvic wall
  • forms a double layer of peritoneum around the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
17
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

helps suspend the uterine tube

18
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the broad ligament?

A
  1. mesosalpinx - bilayer connecting uterine tubes to body wall
  2. mesovarium - bilayer connecting ovary to body wall
  3. mesometrium - connects everything to body wall
19
Q

describe the uterine vascular supply

A
  • ovarian arteries branch off of abdominal aorta
  • uterine arteries branch from internal iliac artery; connects to ovarian arteries via uterine branch of uterine arteries
  • vaginal arteries branch from internal iliac artery
20
Q

which 3 skeletal features form the borders of the perineum?

A

pubic symphysis, ischium, and coccyx

21
Q

what is the perineum?

A

diamond shaped region between pubis, ischium, and coccyx; includes muscular floor, anus, and external genitalia

22
Q

the perineum is divided into which two portions?

A
  1. urogenital triangle makes up the anterior portion
  2. anal triangle makes up the posterior portion

these two portions are separated by the superficial trans perineal muscle, which is a component of both regions

23
Q

name 4 superficial perineal muscles that make up the muscular floor of the perineum

A
  1. ischiocavernosus m. - urogenital triangle
  2. bulbospongiosus m. - urogenital triangle
  3. superficial trans perineal m. - urogenital triangle and anal triangle
  4. external anal sphincter - anal triangle
24
Q

name 2 deep perineal muscles that make up the muscular floor

A
  1. deep trans perineal m. - urogenital triangle
  2. levator ani m. - anal triangle
25
Q

T or F:

the vagina is superficial to the perineum

A

false:

it is deep to the perineum

26
Q

where is the vagina located?

A

extends between the bladder and rectum and cervix to the exterior

27
Q

what are the 2 basic functions of the vagina?

A

birth canal and organ of copulation

28
Q

what are the anterior and posterior fornices (singular = fornix)?

A

spaces located within the vagina on the anterior and posterior sides of the cervix

29
Q

what are the 4 anatomical features of the clitoris?

A
  1. erectile tissue hooded by prepuce
  2. crura of clitoris
  3. glans clitoris - exposed portion
  4. bulb of vestibule, althought this is arguably not part of the clitoris
30
Q

what are the greater vestibular glands?

A
  • sit behind the bulb of the vestibule
  • release mucus into vestibule for lubrication
  • homologous to bulbourethral gland in males, but have slightly different function
31
Q

describe sensory innervation of the vagina

A
  • somatic innervation at outer half of vagina; pudendal n.
  • visceral innervation at inner half of vagina
  • no parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation for vagina
32
Q

describe innervation of the female perineum

A

innervated by pudendal n. (S2-S4)

  • from ventral rami S2-S4
  • sensory: perineum
  • motor: perineal muscles
33
Q

which 3 branches come off the pudendal nerve and extend into the female perineum?

A
  1. dorsal n. of the clitoris
  2. perineal n.
  3. inferior rectal n.
34
Q

describe innervation of the clitoris for somatic sensation, parasympathetic, and orgasm

A
  • somatic sensation: pudendal n. (S2-S4); pressure, vibration, touch, temp
  • parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic n. (S2-S4); clitoral erection
  • orgasm: pudendal n. (S2-S4); rhythmic contraction of perineal muscles
35
Q

T or F:

the pudendal nerve is somatic, but ANS axons travel with it

A

true

36
Q

trace the path of innervation for erection

A

parasympathetic

  • pelvic splanchnic n. S2-S4
  • preaortic/ inf. hypogastric plexus
  • prostatic plexus
  • penis
37
Q

trace the path of innervation for emission

A

sympathetic

  • lumbar/sacral splanchnic n.
  • preaortic plexus/ hypogastric n. and inferior hypogastric plexus
  • spermatic tubules

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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