Reproduction Flashcards
trace the vascular supply to and from the testes
TO: descending aorta -> deep inguinal ring -> inguinal canal -> spermatic cord -> testes FROM: testes -> spermatic cord -> inguinal canal -> deep inguinal ring -> IVC (right side) or left renal vein (left side)
what is the function of seminal vesicles?
add sugar-rich fluids to sperm
what is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
tube where seminal vesicle secretions and sperm mix; empties into prostatic urethra
what are the dual functions of the male urethra?
void bladder and pathway for semen
what is the function of the prostate gland?
secretions contribute to semen (sperm motility); smooth muscle contracts and expels semen into urethra
what is the function of the bulbourethral gland?
secretes fluid that neutralizes the urethra to prepare it for semen
what do the ovaries produce?
female gametes (ova)
which two female sex hormones do the ovaries secrete?
estrogen and progesterone
describe the arterial supply of the ovaries
ovarian arteries and ovarian branch off uterine artery
where can an anastomoses occur in the female reproductive system?
-between the ovarian arteries and ovarian branch of the uterine artery
describe how veinous drainage of ovaries is not bilateral
right ovarian veins drain directly into IVC; left ovarian veins drain into left renal vein and then into IVC
what are 4 anatomical characteristics of the uterine tube?
- fimbriae: create current to sweep oocyte from peritoneal cavity into uterine tube through the external os
- infundibulum - region of uterine tube connected to fimbriae
- ampulla - region of uterine tube between infundibulum and isthmus; usual site of fertilization
- isthmus - region of uterine tube that connects to the uterus via internal os
what are the 3 regions of the uterus?
- fundus - topmost; usual site of implantation in endometrium
- body
- cervix
the cervical canal communicates with the vagina via the _______, and the uterine body via the _______.
external os, internal os
what is the function of the cervical gland secretions?
mucus secretion blocks sperm entry except during midcycle
what is the broad ligament?
- reflection of the peritoneum between the uterus and lateral pelvic wall
- forms a double layer of peritoneum around the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
helps suspend the uterine tube
what are the 3 divisions of the broad ligament?
- mesosalpinx - bilayer connecting uterine tubes to body wall
- mesovarium - bilayer connecting ovary to body wall
- mesometrium - connects everything to body wall
describe the uterine vascular supply
- ovarian arteries branch off of abdominal aorta
- uterine arteries branch from internal iliac artery; connects to ovarian arteries via uterine branch of uterine arteries
- vaginal arteries branch from internal iliac artery
which 3 skeletal features form the borders of the perineum?
pubic symphysis, ischium, and coccyx
what is the perineum?
diamond shaped region between pubis, ischium, and coccyx; includes muscular floor, anus, and external genitalia
the perineum is divided into which two portions?
- urogenital triangle makes up the anterior portion
- anal triangle makes up the posterior portion
these two portions are separated by the superficial trans perineal muscle, which is a component of both regions
name 4 superficial perineal muscles that make up the muscular floor of the perineum
- ischiocavernosus m. - urogenital triangle
- bulbospongiosus m. - urogenital triangle
- superficial trans perineal m. - urogenital triangle and anal triangle
- external anal sphincter - anal triangle
name 2 deep perineal muscles that make up the muscular floor
- deep trans perineal m. - urogenital triangle
- levator ani m. - anal triangle
T or F:
the vagina is superficial to the perineum
false:
it is deep to the perineum
where is the vagina located?
extends between the bladder and rectum and cervix to the exterior
what are the 2 basic functions of the vagina?
birth canal and organ of copulation
what are the anterior and posterior fornices (singular = fornix)?
spaces located within the vagina on the anterior and posterior sides of the cervix
what are the 4 anatomical features of the clitoris?
- erectile tissue hooded by prepuce
- crura of clitoris
- glans clitoris - exposed portion
- bulb of vestibule, althought this is arguably not part of the clitoris
what are the greater vestibular glands?
- sit behind the bulb of the vestibule
- release mucus into vestibule for lubrication
- homologous to bulbourethral gland in males, but have slightly different function
describe sensory innervation of the vagina
- somatic innervation at outer half of vagina; pudendal n.
- visceral innervation at inner half of vagina
- no parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation for vagina
describe innervation of the female perineum
innervated by pudendal n. (S2-S4)
- from ventral rami S2-S4
- sensory: perineum
- motor: perineal muscles
which 3 branches come off the pudendal nerve and extend into the female perineum?
- dorsal n. of the clitoris
- perineal n.
- inferior rectal n.
describe innervation of the clitoris for somatic sensation, parasympathetic, and orgasm
- somatic sensation: pudendal n. (S2-S4); pressure, vibration, touch, temp
- parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic n. (S2-S4); clitoral erection
- orgasm: pudendal n. (S2-S4); rhythmic contraction of perineal muscles
T or F:
the pudendal nerve is somatic, but ANS axons travel with it
true
trace the path of innervation for erection
parasympathetic
- pelvic splanchnic n. S2-S4
- preaortic/ inf. hypogastric plexus
- prostatic plexus
- penis
trace the path of innervation for emission
sympathetic
- lumbar/sacral splanchnic n.
- preaortic plexus/ hypogastric n. and inferior hypogastric plexus
- spermatic tubules
