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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Oral & Pharyngeal Muscles > Flashcards

Oral & Pharyngeal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are 6 major structures in the oral cavity?

A
  • hard palate
  • soft palate - contains uvula
  • palatoglossal arch
  • palatine tonsil
  • palatopharyngeal arch
  • frenulum
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2
Q

what are the 3 floor muscles of the oral cavity? what nerves innervate them?

A
  • anterior belly of digastric - CN V3
  • mylohyoid - CN V3
  • geniohyoid - CN VII
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3
Q

what innervates the stylohyoid?

A

CN VII

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4
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles? what nerves innervate them?

A
  • hyoglossal m. (CN XII)
  • styloglossus m. (CN XII)
  • palatoglossus m. (CN X)
  • genioglossus m. (CN XII)
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5
Q

name the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles and the nerves that innervate them

A
  • superior longitudinal m.
  • inferior longitudinal m.
  • transverse m.
  • vertical m.
  • all innervated by hypoglossal n. XII
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6
Q

name these openings and which nerves penetrate them

A
  • red: incisive foramen (nasopalatine n.)
  • blue: greater palatine foramen (greater palatine n.)
  • green: lesser palatine foramen (lesser palatine n.)
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7
Q

what is the function of the tensor veli muscle? what innervates it?

A
  • tenses soft palate
  • helps separate nasal and oral regions
  • CN V3
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8
Q

what is the function of the levator veli palatini m.? what innervates it?

A
  • elevates soft palate
  • helps separate nasal and oral regions
  • CN X
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9
Q

which 5 muscles act on the palate?

A
  1. tensor veli palatini muscle
  2. levator veli palatini muscle
  3. uvular muscle
  4. palatoglossus muscle
  5. palatopharyngeus muscle
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10
Q

what is the function of the uvular muscle? what innervates it?

A
  • separates nasal from oral cavity
  • CN X
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11
Q

what is the function of the palatoglossus muscle? what innervates it?

A
  • pulls tongue superiorly
  • CN X
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12
Q

what is the function of the palatopharyngeus? what innervates it?

A
  • elevates pharynx and larynx
  • CN X
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13
Q

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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14
Q

name the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A
  • superior pharyngeal constrictors
  • middle pharyngeal constrictors
  • inferior pharyngeal constrictors
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15
Q

name 3 elevator muscles of the pharynx

A
  • salpingopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • stylopharyngeus
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16
Q

describe motor innervation of the pharynx

A
  • CN X - all muscles except stylopharyngeus
  • CN IX - stylopharyngeus
17
Q

describe sensory innervation of the levels of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx (CN V2)
  • oropharynx (CN IX)
  • laryngopharynx (CN X)
  • past laryngopharynx (CN X)
18
Q

describe vascular supply of the pharynx

A
  • ascending pharyngeal a.
  • superior thyroid a.
  • inferior thyroid a.
  • some branches of facial a. and maxillary a.
19
Q

describe how the larynx functions in preventing material from entering the airway

A

epiglottis lays over the vocal folds during swallowing

20
Q

describe the role of the larynx in phonation

A

tensing, abducting, adducting vocal folds causes air to vibrate during exhalation

21
Q

describe the role of the larynx in breathing

A

abducting of vocal cords, glottis open, airway open

22
Q

describe the role of the larynx in the cough reflex

A

temporary closure of vocal folds to build up air pressure

23
Q

name the 4 cartilage components of the larynx

A
  • thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
  • cricoid cartilage (inferior to thyroid cartilage that wraps completely around top of trachea)
  • epiglottis
  • arytenoid cartilage (posterior to thyroid cartilage, sit anterior to cricoid cartilage)
24
Q

name the 3 ligaments associated with the larynx

A
  • thyrohyoid ligament
  • cricothyroid ligament
  • vocal ligaments
25
Q

describe innervation of the larynx

A

vagus n.

  • superior laryngeal n:
    • external laryngeal n. (motor - cricothyroideus m.)
    • internal laryngeal n. (sensory - above vocal cords)
  • recurrent laryngeal n:
    • motor - laryngeal mm.
    • sensory below vocal cords
26
Q

describe vascular supply of the larynx

A
  • superior thyroid a.
    • s. laryngeal a.
    • cricothyroid branch
  • thyrocervical trunk
    • i. thyroid a.
      • i. laryngeal a.
27
Q

describe the cricoarytenoid joint

A
  • synovial joint between cartilages
  • abduct and adduct vocal ligaments
28
Q

what is the function of the cricothyroideus muscle?

A
  • part of the cricothyroid joint (synovial joint)
  • pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly increasing tension in vocal ligament
  • innervated by superior laryngeal n. (CN X)
29
Q

describe innervation of the tongue muscles

A
  • all CN XII exceept palatoglossus m. - CN X
30
Q

describe innervation of the palate muscles

A
  • CN X except tensor veli palatini - CN V3
31
Q

describe pharyngeal muscle innervation

A
  • CN X except stylopharyngeus m. - CN IX
32
Q

describe innervation of the laryngeal muscles

A
  • CN X
  • all recurrent except cricothyroid m.
33
Q

how can a poorly placed inferior alveolar nerve block result in temporary Bells palsy? are you likely to see all symptoms?

A
  • accidentally hit CN VII in the parotid gland
  • not likely to see all symptoms because CN VII hitch hikes
34
Q

a patient’s tongue deviates to the left. these symptoms suggest a lesion to which cranial nerve? is the lesion on the right or left CN?

A
  • left CN XII
  • cranial nerves stay ipsilateral, so the tongue will deviate to the same side where the damage is
35
Q

what nerve innervates the orbicularis oris, and what is its function?

A
  • CN VII
  • pucker lips
36
Q

what are the symptoms of bell’s palsy, and what cranial nerve is it associated with?

A
  • weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face
  • dry eye
  • loss of taste
  • sensitivity to sound
  • associated with CN VII

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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