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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Sinus, Nasal, Ear, Orbit > Flashcards

Sinus, Nasal, Ear, Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 external nasal muscles?

A
  • procerus
  • nasalis - 2 parts
  • levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
  • all innervated by facial n.
  • supplied by facial a. and ophthalmic a.
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2
Q

what are all of the components of the external nose?

A
  • nasal bones
  • lateral cartilage
  • septal cartilage
  • alar cartilage
  • fibroareolar tissue
  • external nares
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3
Q

what features make up the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A
  • superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
  • superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatuses
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4
Q

major sources of blood for the lateral nasal cavity

A
  • ICA
    • ophthalmic a.
      • ethmoidal aa.
  • ECA
    • facial a.
    • maxillary a.
      • sphenopalatine
        • lateral posterior nasal aa.
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5
Q

major sources of blood for the nasal septum

A
  • ICA
    • ophthalmic – ethmoidal arteries – anterior septal branches
  • ECA
    • maxillary – sphenopalatine – posterior septal branches
    • facial – septal branch of superior labial artery
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6
Q

innervation of the nasal cavity

A
  • V-1 – anterior nasal septum and cavity
    • Anterior ethmoidal nerve
  • V-2 – rest of the nasal septum and cavity
    • Sphenopalatine branch of V-2 via the sphenopalatine foramen
  • CN I
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7
Q

how does the nasal cavity communicate with the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • opening of nasolacrimal duct
    • extends down into nasal cavity
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8
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • hollow chambers named for bones in which they reside
    • frontal sinus
    • ethmoid sinus (air cells)
    • maxillary sinus
    • sphenoid sinus
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9
Q

how are the paranasal sinuses connected?

A
  • frontal sinus - yellow
  • maxillary sinus - orange
  • ethmoid air cells - red and green
  • semilunar hiatus - purple arrow
  • maxillary hiatus (ostium) - blue circle
  • they all drain into the nasal cavity
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10
Q

how many drainage points are there in the paranasal sinuses?

A

5 sites of drainage

  • drainage of the sinuses
    • maxillary hiatus
    • semilunar hiatus
    • sphenothemoidal recess
  • drainage of the orbit
    • lacrimal duct
  • drainage of the ear
    • pharyngeal orifice of pharyngotympanic tube
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11
Q

describe innervation of the external surface of the ear

A
  • helix
    • lesser occipital n. (C2)
  • external auditory meatus
    • auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular n. (V3)
  • tragus
    • auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular n. (V3) and great auricular n. (C2, C3)
  • lobule
    • great auricular n. (C2, C3)
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12
Q

describe sensory innervation of the tympanic membrane

A
  • CN V3
  • X (outer)
  • IX (inner)
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13
Q

which 2 palate muscles can be used to help clear the ears?

A

tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini

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14
Q

describe innervation and blood supply of the middle ear - tympanic cavity

A
  • CN IX
  • CN VII
  • branches of maxillary artery
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15
Q

what do ossicles do in the middle ear?

A

transform vibrations in the air (external) to waves in fluid (internal)

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16
Q

describe the 3 bones of the middle ear

A
  • malleus
    • on tympanic membrane
  • incus
    • middle bone
  • stapes
    • pushes on the oval window
  • causes pressure gradients inside the ear to create sound
17
Q

describe the internal ear

A
  • cochlea
  • semicircular canals
  • innervated by CN VIII
18
Q

describe the external ear muscles, what innervates them, and what arteries supply them

A
  • auricularis anterior
  • auricularis superior
  • auricularis posterior
  • innervated by CN VII
  • supplied by p. auricular and superficial temporal aa.
19
Q

what muscle closes the eyelid? and what nerve innervates it?

A
  • orbicularis oculi m.
  • CN VII
20
Q

what muscles elevate the eyelid? what is the innervation?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris m.
    • CN III
  • superior tarsal m.
    • sympathetics from T1 spinal cord
21
Q

describe sympathetics to the superior tarsal m.

A
  • preganglionic - T1
  • postganglionic - superior cervical ganglia
  • follow ICA toward targets
22
Q

describe the function, drainage, innervation, and vasculature of the lacrimal apparatus

A
  • function
    • production of tears via lacrimal gland
  • drainage
    • medial into lacrimal sac and then nasolacrimal duct
  • innervation
    • greater petrosal - parasympathetic input that causes tears to be produced
    • V1 is strictly sensory
  • vasculature
    • ophthalmic a.
23
Q

describe the layers of the eyeball

A
  • sclera/cornea
    • cornea - V1 sensory; functions to refract incoming light
  • choroid layer
    • ciliary m. - suspensory ligaments and lens
      • parasympathetic innervation (CN III)
    • iris
      • sphincter pupillae m. VM CN III
  • retina - CN II; somatic sensory - sight
    • fovea centralis
24
Q

light traveling from a point very close needs ___ refraction to focus on retina.

light traveling from a distance needs ___ refraction to focus on retina.

A
  • more
  • less
25
Q

describe innervation of the ciliary m. and sphincter pupillae

A
  • CN III visceral motor parasympathetic
  • arises from accessory oculomotor nucleus, synapses at ciliary ganglion, then travels to targets
26
Q

describe innervation of the dilator pupillae muscles and superior tarsal muscles

A

sympathetic

27
Q

what resutls when sympathetics to the head is interrupted?

A

Horner’s syndrome

  • ptosis - droopy eyelid
  • anhydrosis - decreased sweating
  • miosis - constricted pupil

PAM has Horn’s

28
Q

describe the pupillary reflex

A
  • consensual reflex
  • bilateral contraction of sphincter pupillae muscles
  • CN II - input; synpase at olivary pretectal nucleus
  • CN III - output; synapse at ciliary ganglion and heads to targets
29
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?

A
  • primary action: abduction
  • secondary action: none
  • innervation: CN VI
30
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the medial rectus muscle?

A
  • primary action: adduction
  • secondary action: none
  • innervation: CN III, inferior branch
31
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the superior rectus muscle?

A
  • primary action: elevation
  • secondary action: adduction and medial rotation
  • innervation: CN III, superior branch
32
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the inferior rectus muscle?

A
  • primary action: depression
  • secondary action: adduction and lateral rotation
  • innervation: CN III, inferior branch
33
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the superior oblique muscle?

A
  • primary action: depression and abduction
  • secondary action: medial rotation
  • innervation: CN IV
34
Q

what is the primary action, secondary action, and innervation of the inferior oblique muscle?

A
  • primary action: elevation and abduction
  • secondary action: lateral rotation
  • innervation: CN III, inferior branch
35
Q

describe vasculature of the orbit

A
  • ICA
    • ophthalmic a. - enters orbit via optic foramen
      • central artery of the retina
36
Q

name the 3 superficial orbit muscles, their innervation, and blood supply

A
  • orbicularis oculi
  • corrugator supercilii
  • depressor supercilii
  • CN VII
  • facial and ophthalmic aa.

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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