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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

describe directional terminology for the forebrain

A
  • rostral - anterior
  • dorsal - superior
  • caudal - posterior
  • ventral - inferior
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2
Q

describe directional terminology for the brainstem and spinal cord

A
  • rostral - superior
  • caudal - inferior
  • ventral - anterior
  • dorsal - posterior
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3
Q

names of cranial nerves I-XII

A
  • CN I - olfactory n.
  • CN II - optic n.
  • CN III - oculomotor n.
  • CN IV - trochlear n.
  • CN V - trigeminal n.
  • CN VI - abducens n.
  • CN VII - facial n.
  • CN VIII - vestibulocochlear n.
  • CN IX - glossopharyngeal n.
  • CN X - vagus n.
  • CN XI - accessory n.
  • CN XII - hypoglossal n.
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4
Q

describe general somatic afferents of cranial nerves

A
  • somatic sensation
  • fibers convey impulses from the skin and striated muscle spindles
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5
Q

describe general visceral afferents of cranial nerves

A
  • visceral sensation
  • fibers convey impulses from the viscera and blood vessels
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6
Q

describe general visceral efferents of cranial nerves

A
  • visceromotor function
  • fibers innervate the smooth muscle of the viscera, intraocular muscles, heart, salivary glands, etc.
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7
Q

describe general somatic efferents of cranial nerves

A
  • somatomotor function
  • fibers innervate striated muscles
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8
Q

describe special somatic afferents of cranial nerves

A
  • fibers conduct impulses from the retina and from the auditory and vestibular apparatus
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9
Q

describe special visceral afferents of cranial nerves

A
  • fibers conduct impulses from the taste buds of the tongue and from the olfactory mucosa
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10
Q

describe special visceral efferents of cranial nerves

A
  • fibers innervate striated muscles derived from the branchial arches (branchiogenic efferents and branchiogenic muscles)
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11
Q

describe CN I

A
  • olfactory n.
  • special sensory
  • only sensory
  • part of the telencephalon, NOT a true cranial nerve
  • true olfactory fibers run from olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity through cribriform plate and innervate the olfactory bulb
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12
Q

describe CN II

A
  • optic nerve
  • special sensory
  • only sensory
  • part of the diencephalon, NOT a true cranial n.
  • some fibers cross, others do not, at the optic chiasm
  • fibers then run in the optic tract
  • leaves the orbit via the optic canal
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13
Q

describe CN III

A
  • oculomotor nerve
  • somatic motor control - superior rectus m., inferior rectus m., medial rectus m., and inferior oblique m.
  • upper eyelid - levator palpebrae superioris
  • visceral motor control - pupillary constrictors, pupillary sphincter, ciliary muscle
  • enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
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14
Q

describe CN IV

A
  • trochlear n.
  • somatic motor control - superior oblique
  • enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
  • only CN with contralateral symptoms in nuclear lesion (still ipsilateral in nerve lesion)
  • only CN to emerge from dorsal surface
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15
Q

describe CN VI

A
  • abducens n.
  • somatic motor control - lateral rectus m.
  • pulls the eye away from the midline (abduction of the eye)
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16
Q

which 3 cranial nerves control ocular muscles?

A
  • CN III, IV, and VI
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17
Q

describe CN V

A
  • trigeminal n.
  • emerges in the middle of the pons
  • trigemical ganglion
  • 3 branches: V1 - ophthalmic, V2 - maxillary, V3 - mandibular
  • innervates: muscles of mastication, oral floor muscles, tensor tympani (middle ear), tensor veli palatini (pharyngeal)
  • sensation of the face, forehead, and tongue
  • branches of other cranial nerves join up with CN V
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18
Q

describe the general sensory innervation of CN V

A
  • ophthalmic division (V1)
  • trigeminal ganglion
  • maxillary division (V2)
  • mandibular division (V3)
  • skin of the face, nasal mucosa, and anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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19
Q

describe the general motor innervation of CN V

A

muscles of mastication:

  • temporalis
  • maseter
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
20
Q

describe the visceral hitchhikers of CN V

A
  • branches of CN VII hitchhike on V2 and V3 nerves to get to glands in the face
  • branch of CN IX hitchhikes on V3 / posterior auricular to get to parotid gland
21
Q

describe ophthalmic division of CN V

A
  • V1
  • exits through the superior orbital fissure
  • frontal n.
  • nasociliary n.
  • lacrimal n. (sensory only)
22
Q

describe the maxillary division of CN V

A
  • V2
  • exits via the foramen rotundum
  • posterior, middle, anterior superior alveolar nn.
  • infraorbital n.
  • zygomatic n.
23
Q

describe the mandibular division of CN V

A
  • V3
  • exits via the foramen ovale
  • auriculotemporal n.
  • buccal n.
  • pterygoid branch
  • masseteric branch
  • inferior alveolar n.
  • lingual n.
24
Q

which 3 nerves penetrate the foramen ovale?

A
  • auriculotemporal n.
  • inferior alveolar n.
  • lingual n.
25
Q

what are the features of the lingual n.?

A
  • runs medial to the mandible
  • branch of V3
  • general sensory - mucosa, 2/3 of tongue, and floor of mouth
  • chorda tympani
26
Q

describe the chorda tympani

A
  • branch of CN VII
  • runs with lingual n.
  • innervates glands (submandibular, sublingual, sm ones)
  • taste, anterior 2/3 of tongue
27
Q

what are the features of the inferior alveolar n.?

A
  • part of the mandibular division (V3) of CN V
  • runs within the mandible, enters mandibular foramen
  • mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric (motor)
  • pulp of teeth (sensory)
  • mental n. - skin and lip (sensory)
28
Q

what are the 5 branches of CN VII that innervates muscles of facial expression?

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • cervical
  • posterior auricular
29
Q

what is the greater petrosal n.?

A
  • branch of CN VII that innervates lacrimal and nasal glands
30
Q

what is the nerve to stapedius?

A
  • branch of CN VII that innervates the stapedius m.
  • branches that innervate stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
31
Q

describe CN VIII

A
  • vestibulocochlear n.
  • special sensory n. only, but 2 different modalities: vestibular senses and sense of hearing
32
Q

describe CN IX

A
  • glossopharyngeal n.
  • exits via jugular foramen
33
Q

describe the motor innervation of CN IX

A
  • pharyngeal constrictors
  • stylopharyngeus
  • parotid gland
34
Q

describe the sensory innervation of CN IX

A
  • posterior tongue
  • posterior oral pharynx
  • mucosa - middle ear
  • skin - external ear, canal
  • tympanic membrane
35
Q

describe the special sensory innervatino of CN IX

A
  • taste - posterior 1/3 tongue
  • chemoreceptors and baroreceptors - carotid sinus
36
Q

describe the sensory innervation of CN X

A

vagus n.

  • visceral in abdomen and thorax
  • laryngopharynx and larynx
  • taste - epiglottis
  • ear and external acoustic meatus
  • posterior cranial fossa - dura
37
Q

describe the motor innervation of CN X

A

vagus n.

  • pharyngeal constrictors (with CN IX)
  • laryngeal mm.
38
Q

describe the special sensory innervation of CN X

A

vagus n.

  • pressure receptors - aortic arch
  • chemoreceptors - aortic body
39
Q

describe CN XI

A
  • spinal accessory n.
  • innervates SCM and trapezius mm
  • ascends cord, into skull via foramen magnum, exits with CN X via jugular foramen
40
Q

what motor deficits are associated with CN XI impingement?

A
  • will not be able to contract muscles (trapezius and SCM)
41
Q

describe CN XII

A
  • hypoglossal n.
  • motor only
  • tongue muscles
  • exits via hypoglossal canal
42
Q

which cranial nerves are motor only?

A
  • CN III - oculomotor n
  • CN IV - trochlear n.
  • CN VI - abducens n.
  • CN XI - accessory n.
  • CN XII - hypoglossal n.
43
Q

which cranial nerves are sensory only?

A
  • CN I - olfactory n.
  • CN II - optic n.
  • CN VIII - vestibulocochlear
44
Q

which cranial nerves are both sensory AND motor?

A
  • CN V - trigeminal n.
  • CN VII - facial n.
  • CN IX - glossopharyngeal n.
  • CN X - vagus n.
45
Q

describe the relationship between location (dorsal/ventral) of cranial nerves and their modality (sensory vs. motor)

A
  • more dorsal (lateral) nerves are sensory
  • more ventral (medial) nerves are motor

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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