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Anatomy Supplemental Cards > Brain Anatomy and Vasculature > Flashcards

Brain Anatomy and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

label this brain

A
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2
Q

how many arteries supply the cortex? cerebellum? brainstem?

A
  • cortex - 3
  • cerebellum - 3
  • brainstem - many
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3
Q

which 3 arteries supply the brain/cortex?

A
  • anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries
  • the bulk of the supply is coming from the middle cerebral artery
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4
Q

which 3 arteries supply the cerebellum?

A
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
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5
Q

which branches of the internal carotid a. supply the brainstem?

A
  • opthalmic a.
  • anterior cerebral a.
  • posterior cerebral a.
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6
Q

which branches of the vertebral a. supply the brainstem?

A
  • posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA)
  • basilar a.: anterior inferior cerebellar a. (AICA), superior cerebellar a. (SCA), and posterior cerebral artery
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7
Q

the cerebral arterial circle of willis (COW) supplies the brainstem. which branches make up the COW?

A
  • anterior communicating a.
  • anterior cerebral a.
  • internal carotid a.
  • posterior communicating a.
  • posterior cerebral a.
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8
Q

what are the brainstem locations for all of the cranial nerves?

A
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9
Q

there are 3 tests to localize lesions (or lack of) in unconscious patients. what are they?

A
  • midbrain - pupillary light reflex (input CN II, output CN III)
  • pons - corneal reflex (input CN V, output CN VII)
  • medulla - gag reflex (input CN IX, output CN X)
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10
Q

which 2 arteries supply the midbrain/mesencephalon?

A
  • basilar a.
  • posterior cerebral a. (choroidal branches)
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11
Q

which 3 arteries supply the pons/metencephalon?

A
  • basilar a. almost entirely
  • anterior inferior cerebellar a.
  • some superior cerebellar a. in rostral dorsal pons
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12
Q

which 3 arteries supply the medulla oblongata?

A
  • anterior spinal a. (in between vertebral aa.)
  • vertebral a.
  • posterior inferior cerebellar a.
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13
Q

what functions will be compromised if the middle cerebral a. is blocked?

A
  • Sensory and Motor on the contralateral side (head, neck, upper limbs)
  • speech, but ONLY if blockage is on dominant side
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14
Q

what functions will be compromised if the anterior cerebral a. is blocked?

A

Sensory and Motor on the contralateral side (lower limbs)

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15
Q

what functions will be compromised if the posterior cerebral a. is blocked?

A

vision

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16
Q

what are the 2 watershed areas of the cerebrum?

A
  • anterior cerebral a. and middle cerebral a. watershed
  • middle cerebral a. and posterior cerebral a. watershed
17
Q

name the 2 dura mater cranial meninges. what do they separate?

A
  • falx cerebri separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
  • tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
18
Q

name the 6 dural venous sinuses in the order of drainage

A
  • superior sagittal sinus
  • inferior sagittal sinus
  • transverse sinus
  • sigmoid sinus
  • down to internal jugular vein
  • cavernous sinus is anterior and a little superior to the sigmoid sinus - sits in sella turcica
  • cavernous sinus and sigmoid sinus are connected via superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
19
Q

which 5 structures run through the cavernous sinus?

A
  • internal carotid a.
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • CN V
  • CN VI
20
Q

what are 2 alternate drainage routes of the brain and face?

A
  • cavernous sinus
  • pterygoid plexus
  • blood can pool in these areas
21
Q

what is the route of infection for the cavernous sinus? what will infection in this area combined with slow blood flow cause?

A
  • face to brain via angular a. and v. (nasal area)
  • clot = cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • CN II, III, IV, V, VI, and pituitary will show signs
22
Q

what is the confluent of sinuses?

A

it connects the superior sagittal sinus, the inferior sagittal sinus, and transfer sinuses

23
Q

what is an epidural hematoma?

A
  • potential space between dura mater and inner table of the skull fills with blood
  • usually torn middle meningeal a.
  • usually skull fracture
  • lenticular (biconvex) shape
24
Q

what is a subdural hematoma?

A
  • potential space between dura mater and arachnoid mater (subdural)
  • usually injury to bridging veins
  • crescent shape, does not enter sulci
25
Q

what is a subarachnoid aneurysm?

A
  • space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater (subarachnoid)
  • rupture of arteries supplying the brain
  • fills the sulci of the brain
26
Q

what is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A
  • bleeding into the subarachnoid space
  • due to rupture of an intracranial vessel
27
Q

describe characteristics of a stroke

A
  • sudden onset of focal neurologic dysfunction due to disrupted arterial flow to a portion of cerebral parenchyma
  • stroke is also referred to as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
28
Q

what is CSF? describe its route of flow.

A
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • produced in the ventricles by the choroid plexus
  • flows through the ventricles, out to bath the central nervous system
  • exits into dural venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations/villi
29
Q

find the middle cerebral artery

A
30
Q

find the anterior cerebral artery

A
31
Q

find the posterior cerebral artery

A
32
Q

find the posterior cerebral artery

A
33
Q

find the superior cerebellar artery

A
34
Q

find the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

A
35
Q

find the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

A
36
Q

label these veins

A
37
Q

what arteries are supplying these sections of the brain?

A
38
Q

describe the middle meningeal artery

A
  • supplies dura and calvaria
  • pterion - site of damage (epidural hematoma)
39
Q

what are emissary veins?

A
  • drain scalp, enter skull and drain into sinuses
  • take superficial blood and drop it into sinuses

Anatomy Supplemental Cards (15 decks)

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