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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Vascular System part 2 Veins & Lymphatics > Flashcards

Vascular System part 2 Veins & Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Endothelial Cells produce

A

vaso activated substances

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2
Q

What gets smooth muscle to relax?

A

nitric oxide and prostacyclin

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3
Q

prostacyclin

A

-prevents platelet adhesion and clumping (prevents clotting)
-gets smooth muscle to relax

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4
Q

Endothelin 1

A

potent vasoconstrictor peptide

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5
Q

topographic Permeability

A

venous end is more permeable than arterial end

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6
Q

What has the greatest permeability to leukocytes?

A

Postcapillary venules

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7
Q

What activates endothelium cells?

A

cytokines

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8
Q

What happen when endothelium cells are activated ?

A

go from flat to cuboidal
express cell adhesion for neutrophils

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9
Q

Weibel-Palade Bodies

A

storage granules

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10
Q

What do Weibel-Palade Bodies contain?

A

von Willebrand factor or P-section

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11
Q

Where do you not see Weibel-Palade Bodies

A

lymphatic capillaries

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12
Q

von Willebrand factor

A

essential for blood coagulation
binds with factor VIII (8) and leads to platelet adhesion

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13
Q

P-selectin

A

-increase permeability of endothelium
- facilitates leukocytes leaving the blood stream

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14
Q

What causes cells to lose attachment to one an other and retract?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

In the venous system you ______ see external elastic lamina

A

rarely

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16
Q

Veins have ______ in them

A

valves

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17
Q

What have valves?

A

veins and lymphatics

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18
Q

Postcapillary Venules

A

resemble capillaries but with wider lumen and more pericytes

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19
Q

What is the preferred site for migration of blood cells into the tissue?

A

postcapillary venules

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20
Q

Veins have relatively _______ ________ compared to arteries of the same size

A

thinner walls

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21
Q

Veins are often

A

collapsed (not a perfect circle)

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22
Q

Medium Muscular Viens

A

contain internal elastic lamina only

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23
Q

Serotonin and Histamine

A

vasoactive
act on venules
make more permeable

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24
Q

What causes Varicose Veins?

A

valves in the vein do not close properly

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25
Embolus
part of a DBT that has broken off (circulating clot)
26
AV shunts
-direct connections between arterial and venous system (bypass capillary bed) -common in the skin (thermoregulation)
27
Portal Vessels
vein or artery connect to capillary beds
28
What are examples of Portal Vessels?
hepatic portal vein and venous portal system
29
Vasculitis
-inflammation of your blood vessels (artery or veins) -decreases lumen and blood flow
30
What can Vasculitis lead to?
changes in the blood vessels scarring, weakening, thickening, narrowing
31
Atherosclerosis
-thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries -caused by plaques, lipids, cells and connective tissue deposited int he tunica intima
32
Atherosclerosis is the cause of
myocardial infarction stroke ischemic gangrene
33
Atherosclerosis ______ affect veins
doesn't
34
Atherosclerosis ______ affect arteries
does
35
Atherosclerosis correlates with serum level of
cholesterol or low-density of lipoprotein
36
familial hypercholesterolemia
genetic defect in lipoprotein metabolism (seen before age of 20)
37
Process of Atherosclerosis
-endothelium is damaged -cholesterol bind to exposed proteins -macrophages eat up cells - later subintimal cells eat up -if inflammatory response is chronic then occurs atherosclerosis
38
subintimal cells
below superficial layer called "foam cells" when they act like macrophage
39
Atherosclerosis is often associated with
-hypertension -Thromboembolic Disease
40
secondary calcification =
hardening of artery
41
Atheroma
-degeneration of the walls of the arteries -the fatty material that forms plaques in the arteries
42
Thrombus
platelet accumulation impeding blood flow
43
Acute Ischemic Event
blocking of a vessel stops blood flow to the area
44
Angina
chest pain
45
Stenosis
narrowing
46
What is the most common kind of ischemic heart disease?
Atherosclerosis
47
Myocardial infarction
death by ischemia to cardiac muscles
48
Cardiac muscle is unable to
regenerate or heal (terminally differentiated
49
Cardiac muscle is in what phase?
G0
50
What does the body try to patch the heart with?
fibrous connective tissue
51
patching with fibrous connective tissue causes
less stretch =loss of function
52
Stroke
ischemia to the brain
53
Neurons are in what phase?
G0
54
Cerebral infarct
neural cell death and function
55
Function of Lymphatic Vessels
-remove excess fluid - transport chylomicrons -conduct immune cells and lymph cells to lymph nodes
56
Lacteals
lines the gut tube pick up chylomicrons
57
chylomicrons
lipid containing particles
58
Lymph endothelial cells are highly active in
phagocytosis
59
Lymphatic Capillary structure
-thin tunica media -valves present -basement membrane and pericytes (present or absent)
60
Where do you not find lymphatic capillaries?
cartilage, bone, epithelia, CNS, and placenta
61
lymph is formed as a result of
hyrdrostatic pressure in the arterioles
62
Lymph node function
recognition, activation of immune cells and production of antibodies
63
_________ lymph drainage is important in tumor metastasis
asymmetrical
64
Lymph nodes lack
blood
65
Lymph nodes contain
-lymph -sometimes WBC
66
lymph
smooth eosinophilic proteinaceous fluid
67
Thoracic duct
largest lymph vessel in the body
68
Where does lymph return into the blood stream? | exact location
at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein
69
peripheral edemea
swollen feet
70
Intrinsic contraction (lymph)
- when filled with lymph vessels expand -smooth muscle in walls contract
71
extrinsic contraction (lymph)
external factors -exercise -moving around
72
lymphangions
between successive valves
73
Lymphedema
defect in transport of lymph
74
Lymphedema is due to
abnormal vessels damaged vessels
75
Filariasis
-parasitic infection of lymphatic vessels -chronic lymphedema of legs and genitals
76
Is caused by Filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi worms
77
How is Filariasis transmitted?
mosquito bites
78
Filariasis occurs in
tropical countries
79
Chylous ascites and chylothorax caused by
accumulation of high fat containing fluid, or chyle, in the abdomen or thorax
80
Chylous ascites and chylothorax result from
trauma obstruction or abnormal development of lymphatic vessels

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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