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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Skin Part 1 > Flashcards

Skin Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

largest organ in the body

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2
Q

epidermal derivatives

A

nails, hair, sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands

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3
Q

what are the 2 components of the skin?

A

skin and epidermal derivatives

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin?

A

-epidermis (ectoderm)
-dermis (mesoderm)
-hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

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5
Q

thick skin is greater than

A

5mm

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6
Q

thin skin is

A

1-2mm

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7
Q

Functions of the Skin

A

◦ Protection
◦ Water barrier
◦ Thermoregulation
◦ Metabolic functions
◦ Sensation

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8
Q

What is Thermoregulation of the skin

A

insulation via hair & SQ fat; heat
loss facilitated by sweating & dermal capillary
network

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9
Q

Metabolic functions of the skin

A

synthesis of the precursors of
Vitamin D; energy stored as fat

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10
Q

Dermatoglyphics

A

finger prints

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11
Q

Dermatoglyphics are produced by

A

epidermal ridges
and underlying
dermal papillae
and are
permanent

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12
Q

Tension lines, cleavage lines or Lines of Langer

A

due to the arrangement of collagen fibers in the dermis

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13
Q

Skin incisions ________ to langer’s lines heal with less scaring

A

parallel

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14
Q

epidermis (ectoderm)

A

-avascular
-epithelial barrier able to
regenerate

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15
Q

The epidermis (ectoderm) consists of

A

stratified squamous,
keratinized epithelium

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16
Q

Dermis (mesoderm)

A

-mechanical strength
-reservoir of defensive
elements

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17
Q

subcutaneous
layer=

A

hypodermis = superficial fascia

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18
Q

hypodermis

A

connective tissue between superficial fascia and muscle
=epimysium or periosteum

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19
Q

cutaneous=

A

pertaining to
skin. eg. cutaneous nerves
innervate skin

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20
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis listed from outer to inner (thick skin)?

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
statum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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21
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis listed from outer to inner (thin skin)?

A

stratum corneum
statum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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22
Q

Which layer of skin is only in thick skin?

A

stratum lucidum

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23
Q

dermal junction

A

a tight fit interface at epidermal

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24
Q

Primary epidermal ridge interlocks with

A

subjacent dermal
ridge

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25
Q

Epidermal interpapillary peg and rete ridges interlock with

A

dermal ridge

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26
Q

Dermal papillae

A

-project upward into the epidermal layer
-Primarily found in thick skin

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27
Q

What are cells of the epidermis called?

A

keratinocytes

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28
Q

Where do you find thick skin?

A

restricted to volar (soles) & palmar (palms) surfaces

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29
Q

Thick skin lacks

A

hair(glabrous)

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30
Q

Epidermis lacks

A

blood vessels

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31
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer
reticular layer (deeper)

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32
Q

papillary layer

A

-adds strength against mechanical shear forces
- highly innervated and vascularized

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33
Q

papillary layer consists of

A

dense irregular connective tissue Type I collagen/elastic fiber

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34
Q

what is the primary cell type in the skin?

A

basal keratinocytes

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35
Q

reticular layer consists of

A

-collagen bundles and coarse reticular fibers
-hair follicles, sweat & sebaceous glands

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36
Q

Anchoring filaments tied to type ___ collagen in lamina densa Loops

A

four

37
Q

lamina densa Loops are type ____ collagen wrapped around collagen 1 and 3

A

seven

38
Q

What collagen effects the dermis?

A

1, 3, 4, and 7

39
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters
(bullae)

40
Q

where do you find Bullous pemphigoid?

A

the space between the skin
layers epidermis and dermis

41
Q

What forms the bullae?

A

immune reaction, initiated by the formation of IgG autoantibodies targeting
cytoskeleton linker protein dystonin and/or type XVII collagen

42
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen1

A

cytoskeleton linker protein dystonin

43
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 2

A

type XVII collagen

44
Q

Subpapillary plexus

A

located at junction of papillary
& reticular layers

45
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A

located at junction of reticular layer & hypodermis

46
Q

Subcutaneous plexus

A

-located deep within
hypodermis
-the largest

47
Q

glomus bodies

A

-Thickened regions of smooth muscle in wall of arterioles, surrounded by connective tissue capsule
-direct blood to capillary bed or to bypass it

48
Q

Dermal papillae in the thin skin

A

fewer and flatter

49
Q

Stratum Basale

A

-bottom
-rest on basement membrane
-hemidesmosomes

50
Q

Stratum Basale cell type

A

cuboidal or columnar epithelium

51
Q
A
51
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

-lots of desmosomes
-spine like cell processes (prickle cells)

52
Q

Stratum granulosum cells

A

stain basophilic
flattened cells and nuclei

53
Q

What do the granules in the Stratum granulosum layer contain?

A

involucin (protein)

54
Q

involucin

A

-interacts with cytokeratin tonofibrils to produce keratin
- in Stratum granulosum

55
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

-increased tight junctions
-basophilic staining
-involucin in granules

56
Q

Keratinization

A
  1. initiated by release of lysosomal enzymes
  2. this cause the reputation of keratohyaline granules and polymerization of their contents
  3. creates a matrix for tonofibrils of cytokeratin
  4. creates mature keratin
57
Q

Keratinsomes

A

membrane bound lamellar structure

57
Q

Keratinsomes contain

A

gylcolipids

58
Q

Stranum Lucidum

A

-no nucleus
-only in thick skin
-forms barrier to water

59
Q

Stratum Corneum cells

A

-called squams

60
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • outer most layer
  • contains keratin filaments
61
Q

Desquamation

A

continuing to loose the cells in the Stratum Corneum

62
Q

Melanocyte comes from

A

-neuro ectoderm
- neural crest origin

63
Q

Melanocyte function

A

-gives skin color
-protects skin from UV
*makes it but doesn’t stain for it
-necessary in neural development

63
Q

Melanocyte location

A

sit on the basale layer

64
Q

Melanosomes

A

organelle within melanocyte that releases melanin

64
Q

eumelanin

A

-brown/black pigment
- found in dark haired individuals

65
Q

pheomelanin

A

-red/yellow pigment
- in people with red or blond hair

66
Q

Variation in skin color

A
  • everyone has about same # of melanocytes
    -depends on rate of production and degradation
67
Q

What degrades melanin?

A

lysosomal enzymes

68
Q

Vitiligo

A

autoimmune disease that destroys the melanocyte

69
Q

What controls melanin synthesis?

A

pituitary hormone—–>
melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

69
Q

Melanin Production

A

1.Tyrosine precursor is turned to DOPA by tyrosinase
2. DOPA is turned to melanin

70
Q

Tyrosine precursor turning into DOPA occurs where?

A

In the premelanosomes

71
Q

Where does DOPA –> melanin occur?

A

melanocyte

72
Q

What do Albinos lack?

A

tyrosinase

73
Q

DOPA

A

3,4-dihydroxyphenalalanine

74
Q

In albinos what is not formed?

A

DOPA and melanin

75
Q

______ is used for a marker in cancer

A

tyrosinase

76
Q

Microphthalemia-associated transcription factor (MITF)

A

regulates differentiation of melanocytes

77
Q

Lack of MITF=

A

ocular albinism Type 1

78
Q

excess MIFT associated with

A

melanoma

79
Q

Langerhans cells

A

-macrophages fixed in the skin
-antigen presenting cells
-contain Birbeck granules
-don’t stain well on H&E

80
Q

Where do you find Langerhans cells?

A

stratum spinosum

81
Q

What is involved with contact allergic dermatitis?

A

Langerhans cells?

82
Q

Langerhans cells can

A

leave epidermis and go to lymph node (tell T cells)

83
Q

Psoriasis is initiated by

A

Langerhans cells

84
Q

Psoriasis

A

-inflammatory skin disorder
- excess proliferation of keratinocytes

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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