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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Skin Part 1 > Flashcards

Skin Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

largest organ in the body

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2
Q

epidermal derivatives

A

nails, hair, sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands

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3
Q

what are the 2 components of the skin?

A

skin and epidermal derivatives

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin?

A

-epidermis (ectoderm)
-dermis (mesoderm)
-hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

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5
Q

thick skin is greater than

A

5mm

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6
Q

thin skin is

A

1-2mm

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7
Q

Functions of the Skin

A

◦ Protection
◦ Water barrier
◦ Thermoregulation
◦ Metabolic functions
◦ Sensation

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8
Q

What is Thermoregulation of the skin

A

insulation via hair & SQ fat; heat
loss facilitated by sweating & dermal capillary
network

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9
Q

Metabolic functions of the skin

A

synthesis of the precursors of
Vitamin D; energy stored as fat

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10
Q

Dermatoglyphics

A

finger prints

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11
Q

Dermatoglyphics are produced by

A

epidermal ridges
and underlying
dermal papillae
and are
permanent

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12
Q

Tension lines, cleavage lines or Lines of Langer

A

due to the arrangement of collagen fibers in the dermis

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13
Q

Skin incisions ________ to langer’s lines heal with less scaring

A

parallel

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14
Q

epidermis (ectoderm)

A

-avascular
-epithelial barrier able to
regenerate

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15
Q

The epidermis (ectoderm) consists of

A

stratified squamous,
keratinized epithelium

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16
Q

Dermis (mesoderm)

A

-mechanical strength
-reservoir of defensive
elements

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17
Q

subcutaneous
layer=

A

hypodermis = superficial fascia

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18
Q

hypodermis

A

connective tissue between superficial fascia and muscle
=epimysium or periosteum

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19
Q

cutaneous=

A

pertaining to
skin. eg. cutaneous nerves
innervate skin

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20
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis listed from outer to inner (thick skin)?

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
statum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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21
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis listed from outer to inner (thin skin)?

A

stratum corneum
statum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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22
Q

Which layer of skin is only in thick skin?

A

stratum lucidum

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23
Q

dermal junction

A

a tight fit interface at epidermal

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24
Q

Primary epidermal ridge interlocks with

A

subjacent dermal
ridge

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25
Epidermal interpapillary peg and rete ridges interlock with
dermal ridge
26
Dermal papillae
-project upward into the epidermal layer -Primarily found in thick skin
27
What are cells of the epidermis called?
keratinocytes
28
Where do you find thick skin?
restricted to volar (soles) & palmar (palms) surfaces
29
Thick skin lacks
hair(glabrous)
30
Epidermis lacks
blood vessels
31
What are the layers of the dermis?
papillary layer reticular layer (deeper)
32
papillary layer
-adds strength against mechanical shear forces - highly innervated and vascularized
33
papillary layer consists of
dense irregular connective tissue Type I collagen/elastic fiber
34
what is the primary cell type in the skin?
basal keratinocytes
35
reticular layer consists of
-collagen bundles and coarse reticular fibers -hair follicles, sweat & sebaceous glands
36
Anchoring filaments tied to type ___ collagen in lamina densa Loops
four
37
lamina densa Loops are type ____ collagen wrapped around collagen 1 and 3
seven
38
What collagen effects the dermis?
1, 3, 4, and 7
39
Bullous pemphigoid
an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters (bullae)
40
where do you find Bullous pemphigoid?
the space between the skin layers epidermis and dermis
41
What forms the bullae?
immune reaction, initiated by the formation of IgG autoantibodies targeting cytoskeleton linker protein dystonin and/or type XVII collagen
42
Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen1
cytoskeleton linker protein dystonin
43
Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 2
type XVII collagen
44
Subpapillary plexus
located at junction of papillary & reticular layers
45
Cutaneous plexus
located at junction of reticular layer & hypodermis
46
Subcutaneous plexus
-located deep within hypodermis -the largest
47
glomus bodies
-Thickened regions of smooth muscle in wall of arterioles, surrounded by connective tissue capsule -direct blood to capillary bed or to bypass it
48
Dermal papillae in the thin skin
fewer and flatter
49
Stratum Basale
-bottom -rest on basement membrane -hemidesmosomes
50
Stratum Basale cell type
cuboidal or columnar epithelium
51
51
Stratum spinosum
-lots of desmosomes -spine like cell processes (prickle cells)
52
Stratum granulosum cells
stain basophilic flattened cells and nuclei
53
What do the granules in the Stratum granulosum layer contain?
involucin (protein)
54
involucin
-interacts with cytokeratin tonofibrils to produce keratin - in Stratum granulosum
55
Stratum granulosum
-increased tight junctions -basophilic staining -involucin in granules
56
Keratinization
1. initiated by release of lysosomal enzymes 2. this cause the reputation of keratohyaline granules and polymerization of their contents 3. creates a matrix for tonofibrils of cytokeratin 4. creates mature keratin
57
Keratinsomes
membrane bound lamellar structure
57
Keratinsomes contain
gylcolipids
58
Stranum Lucidum
-no nucleus -only in thick skin -forms barrier to water
59
Stratum Corneum cells
-called squams
60
Stratum Corneum
- outer most layer - contains keratin filaments
61
Desquamation
continuing to loose the cells in the Stratum Corneum
62
Melanocyte comes from
-neuro ectoderm - neural crest origin
63
Melanocyte function
-gives skin color -protects skin from UV *makes it but doesn't stain for it -necessary in neural development
63
Melanocyte location
sit on the basale layer
64
Melanosomes
organelle within melanocyte that releases melanin
64
eumelanin
-brown/black pigment - found in dark haired individuals
65
pheomelanin
-red/yellow pigment - in people with red or blond hair
66
Variation in skin color
- everyone has about same # of melanocytes -depends on rate of production and degradation
67
What degrades melanin?
lysosomal enzymes
68
Vitiligo
autoimmune disease that destroys the melanocyte
69
What controls melanin synthesis?
pituitary hormone-----> melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
69
Melanin Production
1.Tyrosine precursor is turned to DOPA by tyrosinase 2. DOPA is turned to melanin
70
Tyrosine precursor turning into DOPA occurs where?
In the premelanosomes
71
Where does DOPA --> melanin occur?
melanocyte
72
What do Albinos lack?
tyrosinase
73
DOPA
3,4-dihydroxyphenalalanine
74
In albinos what is not formed?
DOPA and melanin
75
______ is used for a marker in cancer
tyrosinase
76
Microphthalemia-associated transcription factor (MITF)
regulates differentiation of melanocytes
77
Lack of MITF=
**ocular** albinism Type 1
78
excess MIFT associated with
melanoma
79
Langerhans cells
-macrophages fixed in the skin -antigen presenting cells -contain Birbeck granules -don't stain well on H&E
80
Where do you find Langerhans cells?
stratum spinosum
81
What is involved with contact allergic dermatitis?
Langerhans cells?
82
Langerhans cells can
leave epidermis and go to lymph node (tell T cells)
83
Psoriasis is initiated by
Langerhans cells
84
Psoriasis
-inflammatory skin disorder - excess proliferation of keratinocytes

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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