Cartilage

Question 1

Cartilage is a

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

What are cells in cartilage?

Answer 2

chondroblast and chondrocytes

Question 3

Cartilage is

Answer 3

avasulcar

and no nerve supply of lymphatics

Question 4

What are functions of the cartilage?

Answer 4

bear mechanical stresses
shock absorber
bone growth
fracture repair

Question 5

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 5

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

Question 6

perichondrium

Answer 6

-dense connective tissue interface
-carries blood supply
-source of new cartilage cells

Question 7

What has a perichondrium?

Answer 7

hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 8

fibrogenic cells

Answer 8

-outer layer of perichondrium
-become fibroblasts
-mostly collagen 1

Question 9

fibrogenic cells give rise to

Answer 9

fibers and ground substance

Question 10

chondrogenic

Answer 10

-inner layer of the perichondrium
- makes cartilage

Question 11

chondrogenic gives rise to

Answer 11

chondroblasts and osteoprogenitor cells

Question 12

What helps to determine if the chondrogenic gives rise to to chondroblasts or osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 12

amount of oxygen tissue sees

high- bone
low- cartilage

Question 13

Chondroblasts

Answer 13

-make the extracellular matrix to make cartilage

Question 14

Chondrocytes

Answer 14

-often in groups of 2-8 cells (isogenous groups)
-within lacunae

Question 15

Isogenous Group

Answer 15

grouping of 2-8 chrondrocyts

Question 16

Chrondroclasts

Answer 16

-cartilage resorption
- remove calcified cartilage

Question 17

Chrondroclasts may derive from

Answer 17

monocytes

Question 18

Matrix

Answer 18

ALWAYS collagen 2 and GAGs

Question 19

What are the most commnon gags found in the cartilage matrix?

Answer 19

hyaluronic acid
chondroitin
keratan
heparin sulfate

Question 20

What GAGs control hardness or rigidity of the matrix?

Answer 20

C-4 and 6-s

Question 21

Proteoglycans

Answer 21

-core proteins with GAG side chain
-found in the matrix

Question 22

What is the most abundant monomer in the matrix?

Answer 22

Aggrecan

Question 23

Aggrecan

Answer 23

hyaluronic acid with proteoglycans attached

Question 24

Gel like consistency of the matrix is due to

Answer 24

1. electrostatic bonds between collagen and GAG side chain
2. binding of water to GAGs (holds a lot of water)

Question 25

Examples of Glycoproteins in the matrix

Answer 25

link Proteins fibronectin chondronectin

Question 26

Function of Glycoproteins in the matrix

Answer 26

attach matrix components to one and other

Question 27

What does achondronectin bind to

Answer 27

-C-4 and C-6 sulfates -HA -intergrins (all on the surface of the chondrocyte)

Question 28

Territorial Matrix

Answer 28

wrapped around isogenous groups high GAGs low collagen

Question 29

Inter-Territorial

Answer 29

surrounds Territorial Matrix more collagen (2) fewer proteoglycans

Question 30

Pericellular Matrix

Answer 30

right outside the plasma membrane of the chondrocyte - zone of cell surface receptors where interactions take place

Question 31

Where is Hyaline Cartilage found?

Answer 31

epiphyseal plate, costal cartilage, and temporarily in skeleton of embryo

Question 32

What stimulates the growth of Hyaline cartilage?

Answer 32

hormones

Question 33

What influences abnormal growth and calcification of Hyaline cartilage?

Answer 33

hormones and vitamins

Question 34

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 34

flexible a lot of elastin

Question 35

Hyaline Elastic Cartilage have perichondrium in all places, except for

Answer 35

articular surfaces

Question 36

Where do you find Elastic Cartilage?

Answer 36

in ear, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages , auricle, and auditory tube

Question 37

Where do you find chondrocytes in a row?

Answer 37

Fibrocartilage

Question 38

Fibrocartilage is abundant with

Answer 38

collagen 1 and 2

Question 39

The ground substance of Fibrocartilage has

Answer 39

dermatan and chondroitin sulfate

Question 40

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

Answer 40

-ligaments articular sufaces -around nucleus pulposus -symphysis pubis -menisci -labrum

Question 41

Fibrocartilage due to damage

Answer 41

replaces damaged hyaline cartilage, but is not as good of a shock absorber

Question 42

What are the two ways cartilage grows?

Answer 42

-appositional growth -interstitial growth

Question 43

Appositional growth

Answer 43

chondrogenic layer of perichondrium makes new cartilage - makes thicker, but is limited to how thick it can get

Question 44

Interstitial growth

Answer 44

-chondrocytes divide within lacunae (makes isogenous groups) -new chondrocytes lay down new matrix

Question 45

Both appositional growth and interstitial growth are limited by

Answer 45

avascular nature (must still be able to diffuse nutrients to farthest portion)

Question 46

Cartilage repair is due primarily to

Answer 46

activity of the perichondrium

Question 47

Cartilage repair

Answer 47

-more common during growth -adults have fewer chondrocytes produced

Question 48

In Cartilage repair Cartilage is replaced with

Answer 48

dense connective tissue or bone