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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Skin Part 3: Integument and Barries to Infection > Flashcards

Skin Part 3: Integument and Barries to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications for sensory receptors of the skin based on the source?

A

exteroceptor
proprioceptors
interoceptors

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2
Q

exteroceptor

A

external environment

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3
Q

proprioceptors

A

position and movement of the body

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4
Q

interoceptors

A

internal organs

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5
Q

What are the classifications for sensory receptors of the skin based on the stimulus?

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

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6
Q

nociceptors

A

sense pain

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7
Q

thermoreceptors

A

respond to cold of heat

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8
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

respond to stretch, vibration, and mechanical deformation

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9
Q

free nerve ending

A

-most numerous
-surround hair follicle
-lack connective tissue capsule

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10
Q

Where do you find free nerve endings

A

in the epidermis and papillary dermis (surround hair follicles)

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11
Q

What is the function of free nerve endings?

A

modulates hot/cold, touch, pain and movement

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12
Q

What are Merkel Cells derived from?

A

neural crest

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13
Q

Where are Merkel Cells found

A

in the stratum basale

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14
Q

Merkel Cells contain

A

dense granules (hold serotonin)

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15
Q

What sensory cell would you find serotonin?

A

Merkel Cells

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16
Q

Meissner Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptor (afferent)

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17
Q

where do you find Meissner Corpuscles?

A

in the dermal ridges
hand feet, lips, genitalia

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18
Q

Ruffini Corpuscles

A

small dermal mechanoreceptors
common in soles of the feet

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19
Q

Where is a common place to find Ruffini Corpuscles?

A

soles of the feet

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20
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors
detect mechanical and vibratory pressure

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21
Q

where do you find Pacinian Corpuscles?

A

in the dermis and hypodermis
prominent in finger tips and around joints

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22
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles consist of _____ nerve fibers

A

afferent

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23
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles nerves are surrounded by

A

highly modified Schwann cells
(forms concentric lamellae separated by fluid filled spaces

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24
Q

Hair follicle

A

downgrowth of epidermis

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25
Hair follicle produced in association with
sebaceous gland smooth muscle (arrector pili)
26
arrector pili
buddles of smooth muscle attach to hair follicle sheath rasie hair =contraction
27
Goosebumps are cause normally by
sympathetic stimulation
28
piloerction
contract of the arrector pili raises the hair
29
pilosebaceous follicle or units
follicle sebaceous gland smooth muscle (arrector pili)
30
cuticle of the hair
thin covers the shaft overlapping keratin
31
anagen
long active phase of active growth
32
catagen
short phase of involution (transition) | hair growth
33
telogen
short inactive phase "resting period" | hair growth
34
exogen
shedding of old shaft
35
villus hair
body hair of children fine hair
36
terminal hairs
more coarse replace vellum hair at puberty
37
In what layer doe hair start to form
stratum basale
38
Hair forms via
interaction with a hair germ cell and fibroblasts from dermal papilla
39
The follicular build is capable of
regenerating
40
what is the middle (center) portion of the hair follicle?
medulla and cortex
41
What makes ups the hair shaft?
medula and cortex surround by cuticle
42
What forms the internal root sheath?
the hair bulb
43
WHat forms the external root sheath?
epidermis
44
What gives hair its color?
melanocytes
45
Where does hair growth occur?
within the deep terminal expansion of the follicle hair buld= hair root
46
What cells line the hair bulb?
"matrix cells" actively dividing homologous to stratum basale
47
dermal papilla (hair)
vascular core of the hair invagination of dermis contains blood vessels
48
keratin in the hair is
arranged in long parallel bundles
49
internal and external root sheath
line hair follicle protects it
50
Glassy membrane
modified basement membrane separates hair bulb from surrounding dermis
51
Hair is not found
on thick skin
52
matrix cells differentiate into
the hair follicle with the medulla cortex and inner and outer root sheath
53
Androgenic ALopecia
most common form of hair loss
54
Androgenic Alopecia affects ________ of adults
30-40%
55
in Androgenic ALopecia affect indicuals tend to have high levels of
5-a-reductase
56
5-a-reductase
enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone
57
dihydroxytestosterone causes
follicular atrophy
58
Cutaneous Horn
can be benign or malignant made of keratin
59
what cell are the cell of the nail plate
corneocytes
60
corneocytes
no nucleus no organelles a lot of calcium and sulfur (makes hard)
61
nail bed
ventral surface of the nail plate
62
cuticle
thick corneal layer at the base of the nail plate
63
eponychium
covers the proximal nail fold contributes to the superficial layer of the nail plate
64
lunula
white crescent on nail
65
hyponychium
union of nail plate to nail bed
66
Flattened nails are unique to
primates
67
the nail root
extend into the Demis attaches to the periosteum of distal phalanx
68
Nail growth occurs by
proliferation and differentiation of epithelium at the nail root
69
where does nail growth occur?
germinative zone of the nail matrix (underlies the white crescent)
70
Sebaceous glands
associated with hair follicle holocrine (whole cell is lost)
71
where do Sebaceous glands empty into?
the follicle or directly on to skin
72
Sebaceous glands produce
sebum (lipid rich and oily)
73
Pilosebaceous canal
connection from the gland to the follicle
74
Seborrhea
excessive secretion of sebum
75
What are the 2 types of sweat glands?
Eccrine/merocrine Apocrine
76
How do Eccrine glands secrete
merocrine (exocytosis_
77
Where do you find Apocrine glands?
axillae and groin
78
Where do you find eccrine glands?
everywhere but the lips and genitals
79
What is the main sign that it is Apocrine gland?
LARGE LUMEN
80
What does apocrine glands secrete?
thick, viscid into hair follicle odorless
81
Ceruminous
modified apocrine glands make ear wax
82
The body loses an average of ________ per dayof water due to evaporation
600ml
83
cerumen
ear wax

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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