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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Vascular System part 1 Arteries > Flashcards

Vascular System part 1 Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

transport of O2/ CO2 and nutrients/ metabolic waste

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2
Q

What is the secondary function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

thermoregulation, transport of immune cells/ hormones

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3
Q

Vascular System consists of heart and blood =

A

blood vascular system

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4
Q

what are the 2 components of the circulatory system

A

pulmonary and systemic

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5
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

Right A and V –> pulmonary Aa –> lungs –> pulmonary Vv –> LA

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6
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Left A and V–> aorta –> rest of body

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7
Q

lymph vascular system

A

passive drainage
returning lymph to blood

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8
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains whole body except right read, neck and upper limb

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9
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains the right head, neck, and upper limb

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10
Q

lymph vascular system lack _____

A

intrinsic pump

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11
Q

lymph vascular system rely on

A

muscle contraction for movement

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

endocardium, myocardium, and the epicardium

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13
Q

endocardium

A

inner most layer
endothelial layer lining and subendothelial connective tissue

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14
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer
striated cardiac muscles
forms three cardiac muscles

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15
Q

what are the 3 major cardiac muscle types of the myocardium?

A

atrial
ventricular
specialized excitatory and conductive

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16
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer
visceral layer of pericardium
low friction

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17
Q

where do you find nerves in the heart tissue?

A

in the epicardium

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18
Q

what layer of the heart do you find Purkinje Fibers?

A

subendocardial layer

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19
Q

subendocardial layer

A

found between the endocardium and myocardium and contains the impulse-conducting system

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20
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

modified cardiac cells of the hearts impulse conducting system

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21
Q

The thickness of the connective tissue in the endocardium ______

A

varies

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22
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart wall?

A

myocardium

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23
Q

Myocardium contains

A

cardiac muscle
connective tissue
small blood vessels

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24
Q

Where is myocardium thicker?

A

ventricles

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25
Cardiac muscles in the myocardium are arranged in a
spiral
26
Mesothelium
underlying layer of loose connective tissue rich in -adipose - small nerves - blood vessels -large coronary vessels
27
Vasa Vasorum
blood vessels "going to the bigger artery"
28
What is the epicardium also known as?
Visceral Pericardium
29
Tunica Externa/Adventitia
outermost layer helps anchor vessels to other tissues vasa vasorum
30
In what type of vessels do you find vasa vasorum in the Tunica Externa?
larger vessels
31
In what vessel is the Tunica Externa the thickest?
in Veins
32
Nervi Vasculares
autonomics control smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
33
What is the Tunica Externa/Adventitia composed of?
-loose (fibroblastic) connective tissue -elastic and collagen fibers -fibroblasts -smooth muscle
34
External Elastic Lamina
seperates the tunica media from the Adventitia composed of elastic fibers
35
Which fibers are less organized the External or internal Elastic Lamina?
External Elastic Lamina
36
Tunica Media
middle layer highly variable
37
What is the Tunica Media composed of?
-circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells -fibroblastic connective tissue -may contain reticulin ( Type 3 collagen) and elastic fibers
38
Tunica Intima/ Interna
-innermost layer -very thin 1-2 cells thick -forms semi-permeable barrier
39
Internal Elastic Lamina
-separates tunica intima and media -composed of elastic fibers in larger arteries
40
Fascia Occludens
specialized discontinuous tight junctions between endothelial cells (in the tunica intima)
41
What are the dark wavy lines found in the blood vessels layers
External and internal Elastic Lamina
42
Where should you not see fat in the layers of the blood vessels?
Tunica Media
43
Vasoconstriction
-due to sympathetics, post-ganglionic nerve fibers -act on SM of tunica media -decrease lumen diameter
44
Vasodilation
"controversial" passive/ inhibition of sympathetic INDIERCT parasympathetic innervation
45
Relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels (indirect parasympathetics)
-Ach cause endothelial cells to release NO( nitric oxide) -NO causes smooth muscle to relax
46
When there is low O2 tension
-smooth muscle in walls of arterioles relax -cause vasodilation and increase blood flw
47
What are specialized sensory receptors located in the wall of the blood vessel?
baroreceptor chemoreceptors
48
baroreceptor function
detect blood pressure
49
Where are baroreceptor located?
carotid sinus and aortic arch
50
chemoreceptors function
detect changes in O2, CO2 tension and pH
51
Where are chemoreceptors located?
bifurcation of carotid artery and Aortic bodies in the aortic arch
52
What are the 3 major types of artery groups?
-Large Elastic arteries -Medium Sized muscular arteries -smalle arteries and ateriols
53
Arteries
-blood AWAY from the heart -store some blood during cardiac systole
54
Arteries contain
larger amount of elastin and smooth muscle
55
Large Elastic Arteries contain
-lots of smooth muscle and -lots of elastic fibers (BIG) -should see internal and external elastic lamina
56
Examples of Large Elastic Arteries
aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary artery
57
Large Elastic Arteries recoil during
diastole
58
Large Elastic Arteries distend during
systole
59
Large Elastic(conducting) Arteries
get blood straight from heart
60
What layer is the thickest in Large Elastic Arteries?
tunica media
61
Tunica Media in Large Elastic Arteries
have sheets of elastic tissue helps to maintain BP between systole and diastole
62
What color does elastin stains?
Black dark
63
Muscular Arteries size
2-10mm in diameter
64
Muscular Arteries contain
-have more smooth muscle and less elastin in tunica media than elastic arteries -distinct internal elastic lamina
65
Where can you find a fenestrated external elastic lamina?
in some large Muscular Arteries at the junction of the tunica media and adventitia
66
Examples of Muscular Arteries
radial, tibial, splenic, mesenteric, and intercostal arteries
67
Arterioles or Resistance Vessels
regulate distribution of blood to capillary beds
68
What is the major determinate of blood pressure?
Arterioles or Resistance Vessels
69
Arterioles/Resistance Vessels contain
-little smooth muscle (tunica media is 2-3 cells thick) -no internal or external elastic lamina -endothelium cells -"no elastic fibers"
70
Pre-capillary Sphincters
-intermittent ring of smooth muscle with the walls of arterioles -regulate the distribution of blood to capillary
70
Metarterioles
-between arterioles and capillaries "gate keeper to capillary bed" discontinuous smooth muscle
71
Microcirculation
the blood flow from arteriole through the capillary bed to the postcapillary venules
72
What is cite of Microcirculation?
Microvascular bed
73
Microvascular bed
terminal arteriole capillary bed postcapillary venues
74
Thoroughfare channels
-slightly large capillaries -preferential -blood flow is continuous
75
True Capillaries
blood flow is intermittent
76
Capillaries
-functional unit of the cardiovascular system -exchange of gas, fluids, metabolites, and waste
77
Capillaries are wide enough for
one erythrocyte to fit at a time (5-10um) and very thin (0.5)
78
Capillaries contain
-only tunica intima -this layer has a basement membrane, endothelium, and small # of pericytes
79
What are Pericytes derived from?
same precursor as endothelial cell
80
Capillaries do NOT exhibit ___________ activity themselves
vasomotor
81
Continuous Capillaries
endothelium layer with tight junctions and a basal lamina with pericytes
82
Fenestrated Capillaries
have pores or fenestrae
83
Where can you find Fenestrated Capillaries?
Gi and kidney
84
Sinusoids or discontinuous capillaries
incomplete endothelial lining and basal lamina with gaps between and within the endothelial cells
85
where do you find Sinusoids capillary?
liver and spleen

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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