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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Bone is a

A

specialized connective tissue

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2
Q

Support cells in bone

A

osteoblast and osteocytes

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3
Q

Bone Remodeling cells

A

osteoclasts

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4
Q

Bone matrix

A

-non-mineralized organic
-made of collagen and GAGs

OSTEOID

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5
Q

What is the inorganic mineral salts within the bone matrix?

A

hydroxyapatite

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6
Q

Function of Bone

A

-mechanical support
-locomotion
-protection
-metabolic reservoir for mineral salts

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

-shaft
-contains red marrow

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8
Q

What bone is found in the medullary cavity?

A

cancellous/ trabecular
(spongy)

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9
Q

What bone is found in the cortex of the Diaphysis?

A

compact bone

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10
Q

Cortex of the Diaphysis

A

more dense outer portion

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11
Q

medullary cavity of the Diaphysis

A

-where red or yellow marrow is found
- the inner less dense portion

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12
Q

Epiphyses

A

-end of the bone
-full of spongy bone
-has cap of hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Metaphysis

A

-between the Epiphyses and the Diaphysis
- where you find growth plate

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14
Q

Osteoid

A

-organic matrix
-collagen type 1 and GAGs

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15
Q

What produces osteoids?

A

osteoblasts

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16
Q

What gives bones its characteristic of rigidity and strength?

A

deposition of mineral salts into the osteoid

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17
Q

Woven bone

A

-random organization of collagen
-“chucking collagen in there
-faster
-weaker

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18
Q

Lamellar

A

-parallel sheets of collagen
-strong

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19
Q

Outer bone

A

-cortex/ cortical bone
-resists deformation

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20
Q

Inner Bone

A

trabecular/cancellous/ spongy

system of internal struts

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21
Q

Functional Unit of bone

A

Osteon (Haversian system)

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22
Q

Haversian Canal

A

-At the center of an osteon
-where blood vessels and nerves come in

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23
Q

What do you find in lacunae of bone?

A

osteocyte

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24
Q

Volkmann’s Canal

A

-horizontal (right angle to haversian canal)
-link osteons

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25
Q

Canaliculi

A

-allows communication between osteocytes
-contain cytoplasmic extensions

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26
Q

Spongy and woven bone lack

A

Haversian System

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27
Q

What can cause abnormalities in bone architecture?

A

-breaking a bone
-osteoporosis
-cancer
- congenital disease

28
Q

Endosteum

A

-inner lining
-thinner than periosteum
-has osteoprogenitor cells
-type 3 collagen

29
Q

Endosteum lines

A

-bone marrow cavity
-haversian canal
- all internal cavities

30
Q

Periosteum

A

-outer covering of the bone
-has 2 layers

31
Q

Outer Fiberous Membrane

A
  • irregular, dense connective tissue
    -more collagenous
  • fewer cells

periosteum

32
Q

Inner Cellular Layer

A

-osteoprogenitor cells

33
Q

In the Inner Cellular Layer of adults ________ may be absent

A

osteoblasts

(appear when required)

34
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

-mulitpotent stem cells
-precursor to osteoblast
-fibrobalst-like
-flat

35
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

-parallel bundels of collagen
-extend from periosteum
-found in periodontal ligament (anchor root of tooth into bone)

36
Q

Osteoblast

A

-osteoprogenitor cells that are turned on
-synthesise and mineralize osteoid (hydroxyapatite)
-polygonal

37
Q

Why are Osteoblast very basophilic?

A

organelles for synthesis of large amounts of proteins and proteoglycans

38
Q

Osteocyte

A

-osteoblast trapped in the matrix
-inactive

39
Q

Osteoclast

A

-resorb bone to release calcium and phosphate
-phagocytic

40
Q

Osteoclast derive from

A

monocytes

41
Q

What stimulates osteoclast

A

-Parathyroid Hormone (low serum calcium)

42
Q

Matrix Vesicle

A

-secreted by osteoblast and calcify the matrix

43
Q

What do Matrix Vesicle contain

A

alkaline phosphatase (causes precipitation of mineral salts)

44
Q

What portion of the (compact) bone matrix is inorganic salts?

A

70%

45
Q

What portion of the (compact) bone matrix is organic?

A

30%

46
Q

What is the organic portion of the matrix mostly made of?

A

Type 1 collagen (90% of organic)

47
Q

What synthesizes type 1 collagen in the bone matrix?

A

osteoblast

48
Q

The GAGs of the ground substance of bone mostly consist of

A

-hyaluronic acid (most)
-chondroitin sulfate
-keratan sulfate

49
Q

What are the non-collagenous organic molecules of the bone matrix

A

-osteocalcin
-osteonectin
-sialoproteins

50
Q

osteocalcin

A

binds intercellular Ca during mineralization

51
Q

osteonectin

A

bridge/ binds to collagen and minerals

52
Q

sialoproteins

A

-rich in sialic acid
-concentrated from plasma

53
Q

Mineralized portion of bone

A

hydroxyapatite
(inorganic salts)

54
Q

Bone has an an affinity for

A

-heavy metals (Pb, Hg)
- radioactive isotopes

55
Q

Osteocytes communicate with each other via

A

gap junctions

56
Q

Where do you find osteoclasts?

A

on the endosteal/periosteal surface in a depression called
- Howship;s Lacunae
- or Resorption Bay

57
Q

Osteoclasts produce

A

organic acids and lysozymes

58
Q

What has a ruffled border?

A

osteoclast
(increases surface area)

59
Q

Blast

A

build

60
Q

Clast

A

chew (break down)

61
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

secreted by parathyroid gland
stimulates osteoCLAST activity

62
Q

Parathyroid Hormone _______ blood Ca levels and _________ renal excretion by kidneys

A

increases, decreases

63
Q

Calcitonin

A

secreted by thyroid gland
stimulates osteoBLAST, inhibits osteoclast
(tone down Ca)

64
Q

Calcitonin _______ blood Ca levels

A

decrease

65
Q

Somatotropin

A

stimulates growth (growth plate)
decreases blood Ca

66
Q

Oversecretion of what can lead to giantism or acromegaly

A

Somatotropin

67
Q

Undersecretion of Somatotropin leads to

A

pituitary dwarfism

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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