Vascular Control I

Question 0

Input=

Answer 0

Venous return

Question 1

The heart is a _____________ that acts upon an _____________ in order to produce an __________________.

Answer 1

Dynamic system

Input

Output

Question 2

Output=

Answer 2

Cardiac output

Question 3

If there are changes in a hearts input, are changes in output required?

Answer 3

Yes, the body does everything it can to keep these equal to one another

Question 4

What is preload?

Answer 4

End diastolic volume

Question 5

What is afterload?

Answer 5

End systolic pressure

Question 6

What happens when preload increases?

Answer 6

Stroke volume and cardiac output also increase

Question 7

Is preload or after load a reflection of volume status?

Answer 7

Preload

Question 8

Where does the majority of the volume reside in the circulatory system?

Answer 8

In the peripheral venous compartment

Question 9

Which vascular compartment is associated with preload?

Answer 9

Central venous compartment

Question 10

What vascular compartment is associated with after load?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

Blood leaves the central ventouse compartment (right atrium) by entering the right ventricle at a rate that is equal to…..

Answer 11

Cardiac output

Question 12

What is the definition of venous return?

Answer 12

The rate at which blood returns to the thorax from the peripheral vascular beds (the rate it enters the central venous compartment)

Question 13

What anatomical structures comprise the central venous compartment?

Answer 13

Great veins in thorax and right atrium

Question 14

Which pressure is larger, peripheral venous pressure, or central venous pressure?

Answer 14

Peripheral venous pressure

Question 15

What happens when peripheral venous pressure is EQUAL to central venous pressure?

Answer 15

There is no flow

Question 16

When blood volume or venous return increases, what happens to the venous function curve?

Answer 16

It shifts to the right

Question 17

What happens to the RAP at any constant CVP with an increase in pump flow?

Answer 17

It decreases

Question 18

at increase pump rates, the amount of blood in the arterial system _______________ while the amount of blood in the venous system _______________. What is the effect on the pressure for each?

Answer 18

Increases

Decreases

The arterial pressure increases and the venous pressure decreases

Question 19

What is MSFP?

Answer 19

Mean systemic filling pressure. It is the bold pressure at zero flow.

Question 20

Does MSFP increase or decrease with greater blood volume?

Answer 20

It increases

Question 21

At any given RAP, an increase in CVP with increased blood volume drives greater venous return. What is the effect on the vascular function curve?

Answer 21

A shift upwards

Question 22

Do vasoconstriction and vasodilation effect MSFP?

Answer 22

No, because blood volume has not changed (you are just shifting where it is)

Question 23

When arterioles vasodilate, what is the effect on stroke volumes and cardiac output?

Answer 23

Stroke volume increases, cardiac output increases

Question 24

A transient increase in RAP, there would be an _____________ in CO and a _____________ in VR (venous return).

Answer 24

Increase

Decrease

Question 25

What are the effects of a transfusion on MAP and CO?

Answer 25

There is an increase in both

Question 26

What is the way to produce a different steady state match between venous return and CO?

Answer 26

Change BOTH the cardiac function curve and the vascular function curve