Homeostatic Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Humans are endoderms and homeotherms, what does this mean?

A

We are able to generate our own body heat, and mantain our core body temp within a narrow range despite large fluctuations outside

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2
Q

What is radiation?

A

Transfer of heat as electromagnetic waves btwn objects not in contact - proportional to temp difference btwn body surface and envmt

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3
Q

What is conduction?

A

intermolecular thermal heat transfer btwn solid objects in direct contact

-usually minimal in clothed person

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4
Q

What is convection?

A

Loss or gain of heat by movement of air or water over the body - heat rises and is carried away from the body

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5
Q

What is evaporation?

A

loss of water from the skin and resp tract

-generates lots of heat - large amount needed to transform water from liq to gas phase

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6
Q

At rest, indoors, what mechanism is most body heat lost by?

A

Radiation

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7
Q

A body immersed in water exchanges most heat by what?

A

Convection

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8
Q

What heat loss mechanism is most effective during exercise?

A

Evaporation

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9
Q

When a person is running, what mechanism of heat loss would result from skin blood flow?

A

Convection

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10
Q

When a person is running, what mechanism of heat loss would result from Muscle blood flow?

A

convection

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11
Q

When a person is running, what mechanism of heat loss would result from feet against pavement?

A

Conduction

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12
Q

Where is most of your body heat generated?

A

In deep organs by cellular metabolism

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13
Q

Is fat a good conductor of heat?

A

NO - it is a great insulator tho

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14
Q

When someone is acclimating to hot weather, what is occuring?

A

Change in sweat glands to increase sweating

  • dec in loss of NaCl
  • aldosterone secretion
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15
Q

What is congenital anhidrosis?

A

The genetic inability to secrete sweat

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16
Q

What innervates a sweat gland ?

A

An acetylcholine secreting sympathetic nerve

17
Q

What receptors are more plentiful in the skin cold or hot?

18
Q

What receptors are more plentiful in the hypothalmus cold or hot?

19
Q

What mechanism does the skin use to respond to local changes in temperature?

A

Anticipatory mechanism - prevents core temp from changing at all

20
Q

What mechanism controls internal body temperature?

A

Negative feedback

21
Q

What provides the error signal that sustains sweating during exercise?

A

Body core temp rises by 1 degree

–heat production exceeds dissipation

22
Q

Is skin temperature changed during exercise?

A

nearly maintained constant due to sweating, but does decrease slightly due to evaporation of sweat

23
Q

What is a pyrogen?

A

Fever producing stimuli

24
Q

Why does a person get the chills when they have a fever?

A

The body sees a high set point temperature value as the new normal and tries to prevent heat loss

25
What do aspirin and acetaminophen inhibit, which allows fever reduction?
Prostaglandin synthesis
26
Why is fever beneficial?
Immune cells often function optimally at high temps
27
Is a person sweating when they have heat exhaustion?
Yes!