Neural And Chemical Control Of Respiration

Question 0

What part of the brain generates the basic thing rhythm?

Answer 0

The brainstem

Question 1

The nervous system integration with the respiratory system is designed to maintain normal blood levels of….

Answer 1

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

Question 2

What influences the brain stems control over the basic breathing rhythm?

Answer 2

Ventilatory reflexes

Question 3

What controls respiratory rate and depth?

Answer 3

Blood gas concentrations and lung stretch receptors

Question 4

What is the most important factor for control of respiratory drive at rest?

Answer 4

Arterial Pco2

Question 5

What do central chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 5

Changes in arterial Pco2 ( via the H+ content of the CSF)

Question 6

What do peripheral chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 6

Changes in arterial Po2, Pco2, pH

Question 7

Where are the major peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 7

Aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 8

What makes up the central pattern generator in the medulla?

Answer 8

Dorsal respiratory group and the vernal respiratory group

Question 9

Are inspiratory and expiratory neurons segregated from one another or intermingled?

Answer 9

Intermingled

Question 10

Where does central pattern generator input come from?

Answer 10

Higher brain centers and peripheral and central chemoreceptors

Question 11

For inspiration, how are the DRG and the VRG connected to the phrenic nerve and the spinal nerves?

Answer 11

Spinal respiratory motoneurons

Question 12

For expiration, how is the VRG connected to spinal nerves?

Answer 12

Spinal respiratory motoneurons

Question 13

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 13

Phrenic nerve

Question 14

What innervates the intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles?

Answer 14

Spinal nerves

Question 15

During eupnea, when is action potential frequency the highest?

Answer 15

During inspiration

Question 16

Describe expiration action potentials during eupnea:

Answer 16

Occur, but infrequently because expiration is passive.

Question 17

During hypernea, where are the two peak Action potential frequencies seen?

Answer 17

1- during end inspiration in the phrenic or intercostal muscles
2- during end expiration in the abdominal or internal intercostals

Question 18

What is the Hering- Breuer inflation reflex?

Answer 18

An inspirations stopping reflex mediated through the slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors via Vagal afferents and phrenic efferents

Question 19

I’m humans, when is the Hering- Breuer inflation reflex important?

Answer 19

During periodic deep breaths, during exercise, and during COPD

Question 20

Describe kussmaul breathing

Answer 20

Deep and labored desperate and gasping breathing associated with severe metabolic acidosis.