principals of blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

what is the dichrotic notch

A

it is a small dip caused by the backfilling of the aortic valve as it closes
(seen in the pressure vs time graph)

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2
Q

what stage in blood flow does this statement describe:
“steady, laminar flow in rigid vessels
static driving pressure”

A

stage 1

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3
Q

what stage in blood flow does this statement describe:

“microcirculation and diffusion”

A

stage 4

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4
Q

what stage in blood flow does this statement describe:

“elastic vessel walls and pulsatile pressure”

A

stage 3

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5
Q

what stage in blood flow does this statement describe:
“high reynold’s number flow turbulence
dynamic pressure”

A

stage 2

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6
Q

describe the flow in series

A

constant flow

Q=Q1=Q2…

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7
Q

describe the blood flow in a parallel circuit

A

the volume flows are additive

Q= Q1+Q2…

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8
Q

what is the units for blood flow?

A

L/min

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9
Q

does this statement apply to series or parallel circuits?

“Blood flow is the same across any TOTAL cross sectional area of a system”

A

this statement applies to BOTH circuits

took me awhile to get it, page 157 in the notes can help

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10
Q

list 2 examples of blood circulation in our body that are in series

A
  • the splenic and mesenteric vascular beds are in series with hepatic circulation
  • renal glomerular and tubular circulation
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11
Q

how is flow distribution controlled?

A

by the adjustment of resistances (precapillary sphincters and arterioles) located prior to the capillary beds

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12
Q

where are the 3 biggest changes in tissue supply noted regarding blood flow during exercise?

A
  • skin
  • muscles
  • heart
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13
Q

define velocity

A

rate of displacement of a PARTICLE of fluid with respect to time

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14
Q

define flow

give the equation for flow

A

rate of displacement of VOLUME of fluid with respect to time

Q= A x v

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15
Q

for an incompressible fluid in a closed system of rigid tubes what value stays constant; flow (Q), velocity (v), cross sectional area (A)?

A

flow! (Q)

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16
Q

define transit time

A

the time required for blood cell to travel between two points in the system

17
Q

list 4 assumptions we sometimes make when dealing with blood as a fluid

A
  • that it is a steady flow of incompressible fluid
  • it is flowing through rigid, straight cylindrical tubes (besides for smaller vessels)
  • the flow is laminar with no slippage
  • the viscosity of the vessel wall is constant through out
18
Q

what supplies the energy needed for blood flow

A

the driving/contraction force of the left ventricle

this pressure propagates throughout the circulatory system (because the blood is incompressible and continuous)

19
Q

list two types of frictional forces that act on the blood flow in circulation

A
  • resistance to flow coming from the walls of the vessels

- the viscosity of the blood

20
Q

what causes vasoconstriction of the vascular smooth muscle?

A

sympathetic stimulation by postgang adrenergic fibers releasing norepi

21
Q

explain the relationship between temperature and blood viscosity

A

they are inversely proportionate
The colder you are, the higher the blood viscosity (ex when shoveling snow, you have decreased blood flow, leading to decreased heat loss)

22
Q

describe the pressure drop along the length of veins

A

gradual

23
Q

describe the pressure drop along the length of small arterioles and capillaries

A

rapid

24
Q

in regards to high or low viscosity, vessel length and radius where will the the greatest pressure drop be seen?

A

longer vessel
higher viscosity
smaller radius

25
Q

describe the resistance of blood flow in series

A

additive

R (total)=R1 + R2 + R3…

26
Q

describe the total resistance for blood vessels in parallel

A

1/R (total)= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…

the total resistance is less than any element in the network