autonomic nervous system II

Question 1

once a somatic neuron release ACh, what type of nicotenic receptor does it bind to?

Answer 1

N1

Question 2

once a parasymp or sym neuron releases ACh, what type of receptor does it bind to?

Answer 2

N2

Question 3

what is the N2 receptor antagonist?

Answer 3

hexamethonium

Question 4

what is the N1 receptor antagonist?

Answer 4

d-tubocurarine

Question 5

in parasympathetic neurons what is the receptor type?

Answer 5

muscarinic cholinergic

Question 6

what is atropine?

Answer 6

a general muscaronic cholinergic receptor antagonist

Question 7

muscarinic cholinergic receptors M1, M3 & M5 linked to?

Answer 7

activation of PLC, increased intracellular calcium and DAG

Question 8

muscarinic cholinergic receptors M2 & M4 linked to?

Answer 8

inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and decreased cAMP generation

Question 9

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 3 do?

Answer 9

pupillary constriction

Question 10

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 7 do?

Answer 10

lacrmal gland and nasal mucosal secretions

also salivary glands

Question 11

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 9 do?

Answer 11

salivary glands

Question 12

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 10 do?

Answer 12

GI paralysis/increased motility and sphincter relaxation, bronchial constriction, decreased HR

Question 13

in regards to parasymp control, what does the pelvic splechnics do?

Answer 13

relax ureter and sphincter in conjunction with contraction of the detrusor muscle during urination, rectal emptying and penile erection

Question 14

where does the vagus originate?

Answer 14

dorsal motor nucleus and in some of the nuclus ambiguus (where there is also IX)

Question 15

what are the 4 parasymp pre gang fibers originating in the brain stem?

Answer 15

nerve III (ocuolomotor)
nerve VII (facial)
nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
nerve X (vagus)

Question 16

what is the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)?

Answer 16

it receives visceral afferents and is part of the larger visceral control system

Question 17

what does the myenteric (Auerbach) mucosa plexus control?

Answer 17

gut motility

Question 18

what does the submucosa plexus control?

Answer 18

secretions

Question 19

describe the parasympathetic control on the enteric nervous system

Answer 19

enhances motility and secretions

Question 20

describe the sympathetic control on the myenteric plexus in the gut

Answer 20

Norepinephrine is released from the sympathetic nerve terminals in the myenteric plexus, hyperpolarizing and relaxing the smooth muscle in the gut and causing sphincted constriction

Question 21

describe the parasymp control on micturition

Answer 21

constriction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal sphincter

Question 22

what 2 types of receptors are in the internal sphincter?

Answer 22

alpha 1 adrenoreceptor for sympathetic

M muscarinic cholinorepector for parasympathetic

Question 23

what 2 types of receptors are in the detrusor muscle?

Answer 23

beta 2 adrenoreceptor for symps

M muscarinic cholinorepector for parasympathetic

Question 24

what five areas of the brain house control centers for autonomic nervous system?

Answer 24

hypothalamus
brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 25

what would be the result from a transection of the brain stem just below the medulla?

Answer 25

decrease in arterial blood pressure to less than 1/2 the normal value

Question 26

list some examples when visceral afferents overwhelm cortical function ("nothing else seems to matter")

Answer 26

hunger, nausea, dyspnea, visceral pain, bladder & bowel distention, hypothermia, hyperthermia

Question 27

how can seizures be induced?

Answer 27

from massive sympathetic output and arrhythmias

Question 28

where do the symptoms of fear and panic attacks come from?

Answer 28

initiation of the flight or flight (sympathetic)

Question 29

why does nervousness before a test cause diarrhea?

Answer 29

because there is an imbalance between the PNS and the SNS causing insufficient transit time to reabsorb water

Question 30

Which adrenergic receptor is predominantly found in the heart?

Answer 30

B1

Question 31

In skeletal muscle, there are two types of adrenergic receptors, which causes vasodilation and which causes vasoconstriction?

Answer 31

alpha 1 - vasoconstriction | beta2 - vasodilation

Question 32

Which adrenergic receptor is found in the bronchioles?

Answer 32

B2

Question 33

Which receptor is responsible for erection? ejaculation?

Answer 33

erection - M | ejaculation - alpha1

Question 34

which adrenergic receptors are found in the skin?

Answer 34

alpha

Question 35

Which receptor is responsible for gland secretion?

Answer 35

M

Question 36

Which receptor is responsible for ciliary dilation? Iris dilation?

Answer 36

ciliary - beta iris - alpha 1 Sympathetic causes pupil DILATION