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physiology IV > autonomic nervous system II > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system II Flashcards

1
Q

once a somatic neuron release ACh, what type of nicotenic receptor does it bind to?

A

N1

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2
Q

once a parasymp or sym neuron releases ACh, what type of receptor does it bind to?

A

N2

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3
Q

what is the N2 receptor antagonist?

A

hexamethonium

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4
Q

what is the N1 receptor antagonist?

A

d-tubocurarine

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5
Q

in parasympathetic neurons what is the receptor type?

A

muscarinic cholinergic

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6
Q

what is atropine?

A

a general muscaronic cholinergic receptor antagonist

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7
Q

muscarinic cholinergic receptors M1, M3 & M5 linked to?

A

activation of PLC, increased intracellular calcium and DAG

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8
Q

muscarinic cholinergic receptors M2 & M4 linked to?

A

inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and decreased cAMP generation

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9
Q

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 3 do?

A

pupillary constriction

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10
Q

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 7 do?

A

lacrmal gland and nasal mucosal secretions

also salivary glands

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11
Q

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 9 do?

A

salivary glands

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12
Q

in regards to parasymp control, what does cranial nerve 10 do?

A

GI paralysis/increased motility and sphincter relaxation, bronchial constriction, decreased HR

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13
Q

in regards to parasymp control, what does the pelvic splechnics do?

A

relax ureter and sphincter in conjunction with contraction of the detrusor muscle during urination, rectal emptying and penile erection

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14
Q

where does the vagus originate?

A

dorsal motor nucleus and in some of the nuclus ambiguus (where there is also IX)

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15
Q

what are the 4 parasymp pre gang fibers originating in the brain stem?

A 
nerve III (ocuolomotor)
nerve VII (facial)
nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
nerve X (vagus)
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16
Q

what is the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)?

A

it receives visceral afferents and is part of the larger visceral control system

17
Q

what does the myenteric (Auerbach) mucosa plexus control?

A

gut motility

18
Q

what does the submucosa plexus control?

A

secretions

19
Q

describe the parasympathetic control on the enteric nervous system

A

enhances motility and secretions

20
Q

describe the sympathetic control on the myenteric plexus in the gut

A

Norepinephrine is released from the sympathetic nerve terminals in the myenteric plexus, hyperpolarizing and relaxing the smooth muscle in the gut and causing sphincted constriction

21
Q

describe the parasymp control on micturition

A

constriction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal sphincter

22
Q

what 2 types of receptors are in the internal sphincter?

A

alpha 1 adrenoreceptor for sympathetic

M muscarinic cholinorepector for parasympathetic

23
Q

what 2 types of receptors are in the detrusor muscle?

A

beta 2 adrenoreceptor for symps

M muscarinic cholinorepector for parasympathetic

24
Q

what five areas of the brain house control centers for autonomic nervous system?

A 
hypothalamus
brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla
25
Q

what would be the result from a transection of the brain stem just below the medulla?

A

decrease in arterial blood pressure to less than 1/2 the normal value

26
Q

list some examples when visceral afferents overwhelm cortical function (“nothing else seems to matter”)

A

hunger, nausea, dyspnea, visceral pain, bladder & bowel distention, hypothermia, hyperthermia

27
Q

how can seizures be induced?

A

from massive sympathetic output and arrhythmias

28
Q

where do the symptoms of fear and panic attacks come from?

A

initiation of the flight or flight (sympathetic)

29
Q

why does nervousness before a test cause diarrhea?

A

because there is an imbalance between the PNS and the SNS causing insufficient transit time to reabsorb water

30
Q

Which adrenergic receptor is predominantly found in the heart?

A

B1

31
Q

In skeletal muscle, there are two types of adrenergic receptors, which causes vasodilation and which causes vasoconstriction?

A

alpha 1 - vasoconstriction

beta2 - vasodilation

32
Q

Which adrenergic receptor is found in the bronchioles?

A

B2

33
Q

Which receptor is responsible for erection? ejaculation?

A

erection - M

ejaculation - alpha1

34
Q

which adrenergic receptors are found in the skin?

A

alpha

35
Q

Which receptor is responsible for gland secretion?

A

M

36
Q

Which receptor is responsible for ciliary dilation? Iris dilation?

A

ciliary - beta
iris - alpha 1

Sympathetic causes pupil DILATION

physiology IV (40 decks)

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