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physiology IV > EKG fuNn > Flashcards

EKG fuNn Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you place V1 and V2 on a patient?

A

On either side of the sternum

- at the 4th intercostal space

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2
Q

Where is V4 on a patient?

A

The apex of the heart

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3
Q

Where are V5 and V6 on a patient?

A

Horizontally laterally to the left of V4

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4
Q

Are the limb leads bipolar or unipolar?

A

Bipolar - calculate the electric potential between two different leads

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5
Q

What is lead I between?
What is lead II between?
What is lead III between?

A
  1. Right arm and Left arm
  2. Right arm and left leg
  3. left leg and left arm
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6
Q

Are the aVR, aVL, and aVF leads bipolar or unipolar?

A

They are unipolar

-record the electric potential between the speciic electrode and zero potential

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7
Q

Where is avR?
Where is aVL?
where is aVF?

A

aVR - right arm
aVL - left arm
aVF - left leg

**note the right leg has an electrode but this is the earth electrode

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8
Q

Are V1-6 bipolar or unipolar?
What is another name for these leads?
What is the polarity that they record?

A
  • Unipolar
  • V1-6 are precordial leads
  • front to back
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9
Q

What is the patient’s position when performing an ekg?

A

supine, at rest

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10
Q

What polarity do the limb leads record?

A

front to back and left to right

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11
Q

How would you graph the planes of view for an ekg?

  1. aVL
  2. aVR
  3. III
  4. II
A 
(-90)
      (2)           I
                    I           (1)
(-180) ---------I----------- (0)
                    I
          (3)       I     (4)
                  (+90)
  1. aVL is -30 degrees
  2. aVR is -150 degrees
  3. III is +120 degrees
  4. II is +60 degrees

-it goes clock wise but starts at 3’oclock

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12
Q

Which leads give a view from the inferior?

A

II, III, aVF

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13
Q

Which leads give a view from the anterior?

A

I, aVL, V1-3

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14
Q

Which leads give a view septally?

A

V3, V4

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15
Q

Which leads give a view of the heart laterally?

A

V4-6

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16
Q

What are the steps of depolarization of the heart ? (5)

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node - delayed
  3. Bundle of HIS
  4. Right and Left bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers - ventricular walls
17
Q

If electrical activity is directed towards a lead, how will that be shown in an EKG?

A

towards - deflection upwards

away - deflection downwards

18
Q

Where is the PR interval?

What does this represent

A

from the beginning of the P to the beginning of Q (ya weird I know….)

-initial depolarization of the ventricle

19
Q

Where is the QRS interval?

What does this represent?

A

from beginning of Q to end of S

-depolarization of the ventricles

20
Q

Where is the ST segment?

What does this represent?

A

end of S to beginning of T

-period when ventricles are depolarized

21
Q

Where is the QT interval?

What does this represent?

A

beginning of Q to end of T

-entire period of depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

22
Q

After a P wave, an upwards reflection is a what?

A

R wave

23
Q

After a P wave, a downwards reflection is a what?

A

Q wave

24
Q

What are some ways to calculate rate?

A
  1. count the large boxes and divide this by 300
    • 5 = 60 BPM, 3 = 100 BPM
  2. 1500 divided by the number of small boxes
25
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A 
atrial depolarization 
(does not include repolarization - buried in QRS)
26
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

27
Q

What is the axis?

A

Net direction of electrical activity during depolarization

28
Q

How would you calculate the axis?

A
  • Find QRS in lead I and aVF ( there are at 0 and 90)
  • subtract S wave height from R wave height

-Plot: I - net positives to the right, net negs left
aVF - positive down & negative upwards

29
Q

What wave is especially important to check for sinus rhythm?

A

P waves - check for them before every QRS

30
Q

What would you diagnose a patient with if they have baseline noisiness, and no P waves?

A

atrial fibrillation

31
Q

What can the axis be altered by ?

A

L or R ventricular hypertrophy

-bundle branch blocks

physiology IV (40 decks)

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