systemic circulation Flashcards

1
Q

in blood vessels, as volume increases what does pressure do?

A

increase

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2
Q

what is the compliance equation?

A

C= change in volume/change in transmural pressure

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3
Q

what is the elastance equation?

A

E= 1/C

= change in transmural pressure/change in volume

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4
Q

describe the structure of an artery

A

very round, thick wall, a lot of collagen, a lot of extracellular material

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5
Q

describe the structure of a vein

A

“floppy”, thin walled

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6
Q

can compliance be homeostatically regulated?

A

NO

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7
Q

about what is the compliance for the aorta?

A

~2mL/mmHg

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8
Q

about what is the compliance for veins?

A

100 mL/mmHg

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9
Q

arteries or veins, what does this statement describe

“small pressure changes have large volume changes”

A

describing the high compliance of veins

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10
Q

how much more volume do veins have than arteries?

A

about 3x

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11
Q

how much more distensible are veins than arteries?

A

8x

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12
Q

when will blood pressure drop to zero?

A

if blood volume dorps below 400 mL

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13
Q

veins or arteries; which has lower pressure?

A

veins

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14
Q

veins or arteries; which has higher blood volume?

A

veins

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15
Q

what happens to compliance as a person ages?

A

it decreases

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16
Q

what is 1 consequence of reduced compliance?

A

the heart must work harder to pump blood through stiffer vessels

17
Q

describe the windkessel effect

A

the aorta, pulmonary artery and their major branches store a volume of blood (and elastic energy) during systole and then deliver the blood to the periphery during diastole to maintain blood flow in the body

18
Q

in systemic circulation what is one word that describes pressure on the arterial side?

19
Q

where is the greatest pulse pressure?

A

left ventricle

20
Q

what happens to pressure with increasing distance from the heart?

A

it decreases

21
Q

what happens to pulse pressure with age?

22
Q

what happens to stroke volume with age?

23
Q

why does the dicrotic notch (incisura) occur?

A

there is a reversal of pressure (ventricle pressure is lower than aortic pressure) causing a momentary reversal of blood flow which closes aortic valves and creases a transient increase in aortic pressure

24
Q

the reversal of flow seen directly before the aortic valve closure is important for what?

A

perfusion of the coronary arteries

25
what is the equation for tension?
T= transmural pressure x radius
26
define tension
a force exerting its effect along the wall circumference and is often described as “the force that would pull apart a LONGITUDINAL slit in the wall”
27
how do blood vessels respond to pressure changes?
by expanding or contracting their vessel | or by increasing the opposing force by smooth muscle contraction
28
what is a possible consequence of increased tension
aneurism
29
without any sympathetic stimulation, at what pressure will flow completely stop?
~ 6mmHg
30
vasoconstriction in response to hemorrhage can do what?
mobilize blood from the venous reseve
31
a sympathetic response to hemorrhaging would do what to a compliance curve?
shift it to the left so that BP can be maintained at a lower volume
32
what is raynaud's disorder?
Brief episodes of vasospasm (narrowing of the blood vessel diameter)
33
in raynaud's disorder what commonly triggers the vasospasms?
cold temperature or emotional stress
34
what is the typical sequence of a reynaud's attack
digits first turn white (ischemia), blue (deoxygenation) then red (reprofusion). After it subsides, blood flow can return but can be with discomfort