Lung structure and Function Flashcards
What is the equation for ventilation?
V (dot) = f x TV
What measurement is ventilation analogous to in the heart?
Cardiac Output
What is the typical ventilation rate?
7.5 L/min
How much can ventilation rise by during exercise?
Over 15 x as much - 120 L/min
On a spirometer graph, what represents the tidal volume?
Height of each peak
What is ATPS and where is it found?
- ambient temperature and pressure, saturated
- 25 Celsius, 760 mmHg, H20 vapor P -24mmHg
-Conditions inside a spirometer
What is BTPS and where is it usually found?
- Body temp and pressure, saturated
- 37 deg, 760 mmHg, h20 vapor: 47 mmhg
What is STPD?
- standard temp and pressure, dry
- 0 degrees, 760 mmHg, water vapor - 0mmHg
What is the equation of the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
Does the ideal gas law apply to a dry or saturated gas?
DRY
What is the relationship between the volume of the lung and the volume measured by the spirometer?
VL = 1.07 Vsp
-small but significant difference
What is the water vapor pressure equal to at 37 degrees celsius? Why is this significant?
47 mmHg
-Need to subtract this number to convert from wet gas pressures to dry gas pressures
How many branches are in the conducting zone? The respiratory zone?
conducting - 16
respiratory - 7
What structures are found in the conducting zone?
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
What structures are found in the respiratory zone?
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
What are the smallest airways with no alveoli and no gas exchange?
terminal bronchioles
In what part of the functional branches of the lung, are there cilia and mucous secreting goblet cells?
Conducting zone
What is the difference between type I and II alveoli?
type I - epithelial alveolar cells -form structure
–gas exchange
Type II - secrete surfactant
Are there goblet cells in the respiratory zone?
NO
What is a result of in the increase in cross-sectional area as you descend down the structures of the lung?
Velocity slows down so that diffusion rather than bulk flow carries the gas at the last few microns of alveoli
What is the equation for the dry gas fraction of air?
Fi = ni/nt
What are the percentages of elements which compose air?
N2 -78%
O2 -21%
CO2 - 0.03%
Argon - 1%
What is the partial pressure of a wet gas equal to?
Pi = Fi (Pt-Ph20)
How do dissolved gases contribute to blood volume or pressure?
they DON’T -duhHhhH hehe tricked ya
Partial pressure of a gas in a solution refers only to:
- The dissolved gas
- not the portion bound to hemoglobin
On a spirometer graph, what represents the ventilation rate?
slope of each peak
