Lung structure and Function

Question 1

What is the equation for ventilation?

Answer 1

V (dot) = f x TV

Question 2

What measurement is ventilation analogous to in the heart?

Answer 2

Cardiac Output

Question 3

What is the typical ventilation rate?

Answer 3

7.5 L/min

Question 4

How much can ventilation rise by during exercise?

Answer 4

Over 15 x as much - 120 L/min

Question 5

On a spirometer graph, what represents the tidal volume?

Answer 5

Height of each peak

Question 6

What is ATPS and where is it found?

Answer 6

• ambient temperature and pressure, saturated
• 25 Celsius, 760 mmHg, H20 vapor P -24mmHg

-Conditions inside a spirometer

Question 7

What is BTPS and where is it usually found?

Answer 7

• Body temp and pressure, saturated

- 37 deg, 760 mmHg, h20 vapor: 47 mmhg

Question 8

What is STPD?

Answer 8

• standard temp and pressure, dry

- 0 degrees, 760 mmHg, water vapor - 0mmHg

Question 9

What is the equation of the ideal gas law?

Answer 9

PV=nRT

Question 10

Does the ideal gas law apply to a dry or saturated gas?

Answer 10

DRY

Question 11

What is the relationship between the volume of the lung and the volume measured by the spirometer?

Answer 11

VL = 1.07 Vsp

-small but significant difference

Question 12

What is the water vapor pressure equal to at 37 degrees celsius? Why is this significant?

Answer 12

47 mmHg

-Need to subtract this number to convert from wet gas pressures to dry gas pressures

Question 13

How many branches are in the conducting zone? The respiratory zone?

Answer 13

conducting - 16

respiratory - 7

Question 14

What structures are found in the conducting zone?

Answer 14

1. Trachea
2. Bronchi
3. Bronchioles
4. Terminal bronchioles

Question 15

What structures are found in the respiratory zone?

Answer 15

1. respiratory bronchioles
2. alveolar ducts
3. alveolar sacs

Question 16

What are the smallest airways with no alveoli and no gas exchange?

Answer 16

terminal bronchioles

Question 17

In what part of the functional branches of the lung, are there cilia and mucous secreting goblet cells?

Answer 17

Conducting zone

Question 18

What is the difference between type I and II alveoli?

Answer 18

type I - epithelial alveolar cells -form structure
–gas exchange
Type II - secrete surfactant

Question 19

Are there goblet cells in the respiratory zone?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

What is a result of in the increase in cross-sectional area as you descend down the structures of the lung?

Answer 20

Velocity slows down so that diffusion rather than bulk flow carries the gas at the last few microns of alveoli

Question 21

What is the equation for the dry gas fraction of air?

Answer 21

Fi = ni/nt

Question 22

What are the percentages of elements which compose air?

Answer 22

N2 -78%
O2 -21%
CO2 - 0.03%
Argon - 1%

Question 23

What is the partial pressure of a wet gas equal to?

Answer 23

Pi = Fi (Pt-Ph20)

Question 24

How do dissolved gases contribute to blood volume or pressure?

Answer 24

they DON’T -duhHhhH hehe tricked ya

Question 25

Partial pressure of a gas in a solution refers only to:

Answer 25

• The dissolved gas

- not the portion bound to hemoglobin

Question 26

On a spirometer graph, what represents the ventilation rate?

Answer 26

slope of each peak