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Top Score for the Neurosurgery Board Examination (2025) > Vascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Vascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Regarding anatomical segments of intracranial cerebral arteries, the segment of anterior cerebral artery from the branch point of callosomarginal curving around the genu of the corpus callosum to superior surface of corpus callosum 3 cm posterior to the genu is what?
● A. Pre-communicating
● B. Post-communicating
● C. Pre-callosal
● D. Supracallosal
● E. Post-callosal

A

C. Pre-callosal

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2
Q

Regarding anatomical segments of intracranial cerebral arteries, the segment of middle cerebral artery from bifurcation to emergence from Sylvian fissure is what?
● A. M1
● B. M2
● C. M3
● D. M4
● E. M5

A

B. M2

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3
Q

The segment of posterior cerebral artery that traverses the quadrigeminal plate is what?
● A. P1
● B. P2
● C. P3
● D. P4
● E. P5

A

C. P3

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4
Q

Which of the following is the primary feeder for jugular foramen tumors?
● A. Ascending pharyngeal
● B. Lingual
● C. Facial
● D. Occipital
● E. Ophthalmic

A

A. Ascending pharyngeal

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4
Q

Which of the following is the first anterior branch of external carotid artery?
● A. Superior thyroid
● B. Facial
● C. Superficial temporal
● D. Infra-alveolar
● E. Infraorbital

A

A. Superior thyroid

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5
Q

Petroclival meningiomas are mainly supplied by branches of which segment of internal carotid artery?
● A. Lacerum
● B. Clinoidal
● C. Ophthalmic
● D. Communicating
● E. Cavernous

A

E. Cavernous

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5
Q

In case of internal cerebral artery occlusion, an important collateral flow is via anastomosis between branches of facial artery and what?
● A. Ascending pharyngeal
● B. Lingual
● C. Facial
● D. Occipital
● E. Ophthalmic

A

E. Ophthalmic

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6
Q

Which segment of internal carotid artery begins just proximal to origin of posterior communicating artery?
● A. Lacerum
● B. Clinoidal
● C. Ophthalmic
● D. Communicating
● E. Cavernous

A

D. Communicating

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7
Q

Postpartum occlusion of inferior hypophysial artery causes pituitary infarcts (Sheehan’s necrosis); however, diabetes insipidus is rare because the stalk is spared as it is supplied by what?
● A. Superior hypophysial artery
● B. Anterior choroidal artery
● C. Posterior choroidal artery
● D. Artery of McConnell
● E. Branches from plexal point

A

A. Superior hypophysial artery

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8
Q

Fetal circulation is present in 15 to 35% of patients where posterior cerebral artery is supplied on one or both sides primarily by the carotid artery instead of via the vertebrobasilar system. The carotid artery provides this supply via what?
● A. Ascending pharyngeal
● B. Anterior communicating
● C. Posterior communicating
● D. Artery of Hubner
● E. Italian artery

A

C. Posterior communicating

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9
Q

Which of the following is the first branch of subclavian artery?
● A. Basilar artery
● B. Vertebral artery
● C. ICA
● D. ACA
● E. ECA

A

B. Vertebral artery

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10
Q

V1 prevertebral segment of vertebral artery courses superiorly and posteriorly to usually enter the foramen transversarium of which vertebral body?
● A. C7
● B. C6
● C. C5
● D. C4
● E. C3

A

B. C6

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11
Q

Which of the following is the largest branch of vertebral artery?
● A. Mandibular
● B. Anterior meningeal
● C. Posterior meningeal
● D. Posterior inferior cerebellar
● E. Anterior inferior cerebellar

A

D. Posterior inferior cerebellar

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12
Q

Regarding carotid–vertebrobasilar anastomosis, which is the most common of the persistent fetal anastomosis?
● A. Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA)
● B. Otic
● C. Hypoglossal
● D. Proatlantal intersegmental
● E. Optic

A

A. Persistent primitive trigeminal artery
(PPTA)

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13
Q

Which branch of the peduncular segment P1 of posterior cerebral artery supplies the tectum and cerebral peduncles and also Edinger-Westphal, oculomotor, and trochlear nuclei?
● A. Artery of Percheron
● B. Medial posterior choroidal
● C. Lateral posterior choroidal
● D. Interpeduncular thalamoperforators
● E. Mesencephalic perforating

A

E. Mesencephalic perforating

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14
Q

Vein of Labbe is the inferior anastomotic vein and is prominent on the dominant side while the superficial superior anastomotic vein which is prominent on the non-dominant side is what?
● A. Vein of Percheron
● B. Vein of Trolard
● C. Vein of Labbe
● D. Basal vein of Rosenthal
● E. Vein of Galen

A

B. Vein of Trolard

15
Q

Which of the following is not a content of cavernous sinus?
● A. Oculomotor nerve (III)
● B. Trochlear nerve (IV)
● C. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal (V1)
● D. Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)
● E. Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

A

E. Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

16
Q

Triangular space (of Parkinson) is a landmark for surgical entrance to the cavernous sinus. Its superior border is formed by cranial nerves III and IV, and the lower margin is formed by cranial nerve VI and what?
● A. Optic nerve
● B. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal (V1)
● C. Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)
● D. Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)
● E. Facial nerve

A

B. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

17
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz also called arteria radicularis anterior magna is the main arterial supply for which levels of the spinal cord?
● A. C3
● B. C6–C8
● C. T4 or T5
● D. T3–T8
● E. T8 to the conus

A

E. T8 to the conus

18
Q

Regarding spinal cord vasculature, a normal variant where the anterior spinal artery joins with the paired posterior spinal arteries at the conus medullaris is called as arcade of what?
● A. Parkinson
● B. Willis
● C. Lazorthes
● D. Adamkiewicz
● E. Sulcal

A

C. Lazorthes

19
Q

Recurrent artery of Heubner (AKA medial striate artery) which supplies the head of caudate, putamen, and anterior internal capsule originates most commonly from what?
● A. Pre-communicating segment of anterior cerebral artery (A1)
● B. Post-communicating segment of anterior cerebral artery (A2)
● C. Junction of anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery
● D. From anterior communicating artery
● E. A, B, and C

A

C. Junction of anterior cerebral artery
and anterior communicating artery

20
Q

All of the following are segments of middle cerebral artery except?
● A. M1—from origin to bifurcation
● B. M2—from bifurcation to emergence from Sylvian fissure
● C. M3, M4—distal branches
● D. M5—terminal branch
● E. M6—cortical branch

A

E. M6—cortical branch

21
Q

Which of the following are branches of internal carotid artery in the neck?
● A. Ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial
● B. Recurrent laryngeal, thyroid, cricoid branches
● C. Mandibular, maxillary, zygomatic branches
● D. Anterior temporal, frontal, orbitofrontal
● E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

22
Q

A patient presented in OPD with MRI of the brain showing petroclival meningioma. Which of the following arteries becomes prominent in this condition?
● A. Anterior choroidal artery
● B. Medial lenticulostriate artery
● C. Posterior cerebral artery
● D. Meningohypophyseal trunk
● E. Anterior clival artery

A

D. Meningohypophyseal trunk

23
Q

In 15 to 30% of the patients the posterior cerebral artery on one or both sides is primarily supplied by the carotids instead of via the vertebrobasilar system. This phenomenon is known as what?
● A. Carotid vertebrobasilar bypass
● B. Persistent primitive circulation
● C. Fetal circulation
● D. Embryonal circulation
● E. Persistent anterior circulation

A

C. Fetal circulation

24
Q

Vertebral artery is the first and the largest branch of subclavian artery which has all of the following segments except?
● A. V1 prevertebral
● B. V2 traversing through transverse foramina from C6 to C2
● C. V3 from axis vertebrae to the foramen magnum
● D. V4 pierces the dura and enters the subarachnoid space
● E. V5 vertebral artery of both sides join to form basilar artery

A

E. V5 vertebral artery of both sides join
to form basilar artery

25
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is the largest branch of vertebral artery which originates 10 mm distal to the point where vertebral artery becomes intradural. Which of the following segments of PICA must be preserved during surgery?
● A. Anterior medullary
● B. Lateral medullary
● C. Tonsillomedullary
● D. Cortical segments
● E. A, B, and C

A

E. A, B, and C

26
Q

Basilar artery is formed by junction of two vertebral arteries.
Which of the following are its branches?
● A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
● B. Internal auditory (labyrinthine)
● C. Pontine branches
● D. Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
● E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

27
Q

A patient presents with acute stroke in emergency. On DWI there is infarction on medial side of left frontal lobe of the brain. Which artery is involved in this ischemic stroke?
● A. Anterior cerebral
● B. Middle cerebral
● C. Posterior cerebral
● D. Vertebral arteries
● E. Basilar artery

A

A. Anterior cerebral

28
Q

All of the following are contents of cavernous sinus except?
● A. Oculomotor and trochlear nerve
● B. V1 and V2 nerves
● C. V3 nerve
● D. Abducens nerve
● E. Carotid artery

A

C. V3 nerve

29
Q

Great cerebral vein of Galen is formed by confluences of which of the following veins?
● A. Vein of Trolard and vein of Labbe
● B. Cortical veins
● C. Precentral cerebellar vein, basal vein of Rosenthal, and internal cerebral vein
● D. Precentral cerebellar vein, internal cerebral vein, and anterior septal vein
● E. Precentral cerebellar vein, basal vein of Rosenthal, and thalamostriate vein

A

C. Precentral cerebellar vein, basal vein
of Rosenthal, and internal cerebral vein

Top Score for the Neurosurgery Board Examination (2025) (75 decks)

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