Spine Measurements Flashcards
Scoliosis is defined as lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal (frontal) plane with Cobb angle more than what?
● A. 8 degrees
● B. 10 degree
● C. 12 degrees
● D. 14 degrees
● E. 16 degrees
B. 10 degree
Cobb angle can be measured between two lines, first drawn tangential to the superior endplate of superior vertebra and the second is drawn tangential to the inferior endplate of inferior vertebra. How can this angle be obtained?
● A. Sagittal X-ray
● B. Coronal X-ray
● C. Sagittal CT scan
● D. Coronal MRI films
● E. None of the above
B. Coronal X-ray
The absolute value of lumbar spinal lordosis should be about 30 degrees greater than the absolute value of the thoracic kyphosis (e.g., a patient with thoracic kyphosis of 20 degrees should have a lumbar lordosis of approximately–50 degrees). What should be range of lumbar lordosis in normal individuals?
● A. 10 to 30 degrees
● B. 10 to 40 degrees
● C. 20 to 40 degrees
● D. 20 to 50 degrees
● E. 20 to 60 degrees
B. 10 to 40 degrees
Sagittal vertical axis is a horizontal distance from the posterior edge of the S1 endplate to a plumb line dropped from the mid C7 vertebral body. What is its normal value?
● A. < 3 cm
● B. < 7 cm
● C. < 5 cm
● D. < 9 cm
● E. < 1 cm
C. < 5 cm
Pelvic tilt is the angle between the vertical reference line and a line drawn from the midpoint of the femoral head to the midpoint of the S1 endplate. What should be the normal value
of this angle?
● A. 5 to 15 degrees
● B. 10 to 20 degrees
● C. 10 to 25 degrees
● D. 15 to 30 degrees
● E. 20 to 30 degrees
C. 10 to 25 degrees
Pelvic incidence is the angle between a point perpendicular to the S1 endplate and a line drawn from the midpoint of the femoral head to the midpoint of the S1 endplate. What is its normal value approximately?
● A. 35 degrees
● B. 45 degrees
● C. 50 degrees
● D. 55 degrees
● E. 60 degrees
C. 50 degrees
Sacral slope is the angle between the horizontal reference line and the S1 endplate and it normal value is 36 to 42 degrees. Which of the following statements is correct?
● A. SS = PI− PT
● B. SS = PT− PI
● C. SS = PI + PT
● D. SS = PT multiplied by PI
● E. None of the above
A. SS = PI− PT
Lumbar lordosis is the angle between the top of S1 and the top of L1 vertebra. What is its normal value?
● A. 10 to 30 degrees
● B. 20 to 40 degrees
● C. 20 to 50 degrees
● D. 10 to 40 degrees
B. 20 to 40 degrees
Thoracic kyphosis is the angle between top of T4 and the bottom of the T12 vertebrae. What is its normal value?
● A. 41 ± 12 degrees
● B. 39 ± 12 degrees
● C. 37 ± 12 degrees
● D. 43 ± 12 degrees
A. 41 ± 12 degrees
The spine is generally kyphotic between T1 and T12 while between L1 and L5 it is what?
● A. Scoliotic
● B. Lordotic
● C. Kyphotic
● D. Hyperacusis
● E. None of the above
B. Lordotic
Scoliosis is defined as lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal plane with what Cobb angle?
● A. > 10 degrees
● B. > 15 degrees
● C. > 20 degrees
● D. > 25 degrees
● E. > 30 degrees
A. > 10 degrees
The vertebra whose center is most laterally displaced from the central line is called what?
● A. Center
● B. Apex
● C. Master
● D. Dextro
● E. Levo
B. Apex
As compared to thoracic spine, the lumbar spine should have lordosis more than what?
● A. 5 degrees
● B. 10 degrees
● C. 15 degrees
● D. 20 degree
● E. 30 degrees
E. 30 degrees
Pelvic tilt is the angle between the vertical reference line (VRL) and a line drawn from the midpoint of the femoral head to the midpoint of the S1 endplate. Normally, it should be less than what?
● A. 20 degrees
● B. 30 degrees
● C. 40 degrees
● D. 90 degrees
● E. 180 degrees
A. 20 degrees
Patients with higher sacral slope have a higher chance of developing which of the following?
● A. Spinal stenosis
● B. Spondylolisthesis
● C. Scoliosis
● D. Kyphosis
● E. Lordosis
B. Spondylolisthesis
