Gross Anatomy, Cranial and Spine Flashcards
According to Brodmann’s map of the cytoarchitectonic fields of the human brain, which of the following is Broca’s area (motor speech area)?
A. 41
B. 42
C. 43
D. 44
E. 45
D. 44
According to Brodmann’s map of the cytoarchitectonic fields of the human brain, which of the following is Wernicke’s area?
A. 40
B. 41
C. 42
D. 43
E. 44
A. 40
Which of the following Brodmann’s area is the precentral gyrus, the primary motor cortex consisting of a large concentration of giant pyramidal cells of Betz?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
E. 12
A. 4
The junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid sutures is:
A. Nasion
B. Glabella
C. Stephanion
D. Asterion
E. Lambda
D. Asterion
The junction of coronal suture and superior temporal line is also labeled as:
A. Nasion
B. Glabella
C. Stephanion
D. Asterion
E. Lambda
C. Stephanion
Taylor-Haughton (T-H) lines can be constructed on an angiogram, CT/MRI scout film, or skull X-ray. They can be constructed on the patient in the OR based on visible external landmarks. A line from inferior margin of orbit through the upper margin of the external auditory meatus (EAM) is:
A. Frankfurt plane
B. Reid’s baseline
C. Condylar line
D. Sylvian fissure line
E. Central sulcal line
A. Frankfurt plane
Numerous methods utilize external landmarks to locate the motor strip (pre-central gyrus) or the central sulcus (Rolandic
fissure) which separates motor strip anteriorly from primary sensory cortex posteriorly. About how far the motor strip usually lies behind the coronal suture?
A. 3 cm
B. 5 cm
C. 8 cm
D. 10 cm
E. Lies anterior to coronal suture
B. 5 cm
For non-hydrocephalic ventricles, what is the average length
of third ventricles?
A. 0.6 cm
B. 1.2 cm
C. 2.8 cm
D. 4 cm
E. 5 cm
C. 2.8 cm
To access the potential recipient vessels in the angular gyrus for EC/IC bypass surgery, a 4 cm craniotomy should be performed, and it should be centered around:
A. Reid’s line
B. Condylar line
C. Chater’s point
D. Mastoid notch
E. Zygomatic arch
C. Chater’s point
Regarding estimates of spinal levels for spine surgery, at
what level is the inferior scapular pole posteriorly?
A. C6
B. T2
C. T4
D. T6
E. T10
D. T6
Regarding cranial foramina and their contents, middle meningeal artery and vein pass through which of the following?
● A. Cribriform plate
● B. Optic canal
● C. Foramen rotundum
● D. Foramen ovale
● E. Foramen spinosum
E. Foramen spinosum
Regarding estimates of spinal levels for spine surgery, at what level is the carotid tubercle anteriorly?
A. C6
B. T2
C. T4
D. T6
E. T10
A. C6
Which of the following is not a content of porus acusticus?
● A. Facial nerve
● B. Nervus intermedius
● C. Acoustic portion of vestibulocochlear nerve
● D. Superior branch of vestibular nerve
● E. Glossopharyngeal nerve
E. Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the average length of frontal horn anterior to foramen of Monro?
● A. 1 cm
● B. 1.5 cm
● C. 2.5 cm
● D. 4 cm
● E. 5 cm
C. 2.5 cm
What is the average length of the fourth ventricle at the level of fastigium?
● A. 0.8 cm
● B. 1.4 cm
● C. 2.2 cm
● D. 2.5 cm
● E. 3 cm
B. 1.4 cm
Regarding the vascular supply of internal capsule, all of the retrolenticular part including optic radiation and ventral part
of posterior limb of internal capsule are supplied by which of the following?
● A. Anterior choroidal artery
● B. Lateral striate branches
● C. Direct distal branches of internal carotid artery
● D. Terminal branches of middle meningeal artery
● E. Paramedian artery
A. Anterior choroidal artery
What are the most important structures in maintaining atlantooccipital stability, without which the remaining cruciate ligament and apical dentate ligament are insufficient?
● A. Tectorial membrane and alar ligament
● B. Descending bands of cruciate ligament
● C. Ascending bands of cruciate ligaments
● D. Anterior and posterior atlantal ligaments
● E. Anterior and posterior atlantooccipital membranes
A. Tectorial membrane and alar ligament
Flexor muscle tone is a function of which descending motor tracts of spinal cord?
● A. Anterior corticospinal tracts
● B. Lateral corticospinal tracts
● C. Rubrospinal tract
● D. Vestibulospinal tracts
● E. Medullary reticulospinal tracts
C. Rubrospinal tract
Sensory pain and temperature are the function of which ascending tract?
● A. Fasciculus gracilis
● B. Posterior spinocerebellar tract
● C. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
● D. Anterior spinothalamic tract
● E. Lateral spinothalamic tract
E. Lateral spinothalamic tract
The receptors for pain and temperature are probably free nerve endings. The 1st order neurons enter the cord at dorsolateral tract (zone of Lissauer) and synapse in substantia gelatinosa that is equivalent to which Rexed lamina?
● A. I
● B. II
● C. III
● D. IV
● E. V
B. II
Brodmann’s area 44 in dominant hemisphere (motor speech area) is known as what?
● A. Wernicke’s area
● B. Angular gyrus area
● C. Supramarginal area
● D. Broca’s area
● E. Frontal eye field area
D. Broca’s area
The most prominent paired grooves on CT or MRI of brain which is posterior to the widest biparietal diameter in midline is known as what?
● A. Pars opercularis
● B. Pars triangularis
● C. Pars orbitalis
● D. Pars marginalis
● E. Pars terminalis
D. Pars marginalis
What is the significance of Wernicke’s area in dominant hemisphere which comprises Brodmann’s area 40 and 39?
● A. Motor speech
● B. Voluntary eye movements
● C. Speech and language
● D. Auditory function
● E. Visual function
C. Speech and language
The line connecting anterior commissure and posterior commissure (AC–PC line) has following characteristics except?
● A. It is used as baseline for axial MRI of brain
● B. It is used in functional neurosurgery
● C. Orbitomeatal line is 9 degrees steeper than the AC–PC line
● D. AC and PC are white matter tracts that help identify this line
● E. It is also called as Frankfurt’s plane
E. It is also called as Frankfurt’s plane
Homunculus is somatotopic organization of sensory and motor cortex on the brain representing which of the following?
● A. Arm and face are represented on upper medial surface
● B. Foot and leg are represented on convexity of brain
● C. Arm and face are represented by the convexity of brain
● D. Foot and leg are represented on upper medial surface
● E. Both C and D
E. Both C and D
Where is the central sulcus located at interhemispheric fissure?
● A. Anterior to pars marginalis
● B. Lateral to pars marginalis
● C. Posterior to pars marginalis
● D. Medial to pars marginalis
● E. Above pars marginalis
A. Anterior to pars marginalis
All of the following landmarks do not match the level of spine except?
● A. Scapular spine—T2, T3
● B. Inferior scapular pole—T6
● C. Intercristal line—L4–L5 disk space
● D. Thyroid cartilage—C4, C5
● E. Hyoid bone—C6, C7
E. Hyoid bone—C6, C7
Pterion, which is located two finger breaths above zygomatic arch, is meeting point of what?
● A. Lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid sutures
● B. Coronal suture and superior temporal line
● C. Frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones
● D. Frontal, temporal, zygomatic, and sphenoid bones
● E. Coronal suture and sagittal suture
C. Frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphe-
noid bones
The point over skull which is used for external and internal carotid bypass craniotomy is called as what?
● A. Keen’s point
● B. Taylor Huhgton point
● C. Stephanion
● D. Chater’s point
● E. None of the above
D. Chater’s point
Which is the strongest ligament in the spine which attaches to medial tubercles of C1 and traps dens against C1?
● A. Transverse atlantal ligament (TAL)
● B. Ascending band of cruciate ligament
● C. Alar ligament
● D. Tectorial membrane
● E. Descending band of cruciate ligament
A. Transverse atlantal ligament (TAL)
Vertical crest (Bill’s bar) separates the internal auditory meatus into which of the following?
● A. Cochlear area anteriorly and vestibular area posteriorly
● B. Facial canal anteriorly and vestibular area posteriorly
● C. Facial canal posteriorly and vestibular area anteriorly
● D. Superior vestibular area, facial canal superiorly and inferior vestibular area, cochlear area inferiorly
● E. Both B and D
B. Facial canal anteriorly and vestibular
area posteriorly
Fine touch, deep pressure, and proprioception sensations are carried from the body to the brain through which spinal cord tract?
● A. Lateral spinothalamic tract
● B. Posterior spinothalamic tract
● C. Fasciculus gracilis
● D. Fasciculus cuneatus
● E. B, C, and D
E. B, C, and D
