Other Nonbacterial Infections Flashcards
What is the treatment of choice for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
● A. Penicillin
● B. Cephalosporins
● C. Carbapenems
● D. Antifungals
● E. No known treatment
E. No known treatment
Herpes simplex encephalitis has a predilection for what?
● A. Temporal lobe
● B. Parietal lobe
● C. Occipital lobe
● D. Medulla oblongata
● E. Peripheral nerves
A. Temporal lobe
What is the drug of choice for treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis?
● A. Acyclovir
● B. Oseltamivir
● C. Zanamivir
● D. Adefovir
● E. Interferons
A. Acyclovir
Which of the following is the most common parasitic infection involving CNS?
● A. Cysticercosis
● B. Schistosomiasis
● C. Amoebiasis
● D. Trypanosomiasis
● E. Malaria
A. Cysticercosis
What is the treatment for hydatid cyst of brain?
● A. Antibiotics
● B. Femicyclovir
● C. Prednisolone
● D. Needle aspiration
● E. Surgical excision
E. Surgical excision
Which of the following is the only amoeba to cause CNS infection in human beings?
● A. Amoeba histolytica
● B. Amoeba proteus
● C. Dictyostelium
● D. Naegleria fowleri
● E. Entamoeba dysentrii
D. Naegleria fowleri
The 2009 CDC guidelines for CNS cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected individuals recommend which antifungal agent?
● A. Amphotericin B plus fluconazole
● B. Amphotericin B plus ketoconazole
● C. Amphotericin B plus lucovorin
● D. Clotrimazole plus fluconazole
● E. Amphotericin B plus clotrimazole
A. Amphotericin B plus fluconazole
An 8-year-old boy presents in neurosurgical emergency with complaints of irritability, altered mentation, malaise, and seizure. CSF analysis showed leukocytosis, and raised RBC and protein. MRI of brain showed edema in bilateral temporal lobe with transsylvian sign. EEG showed periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Acyclovir is started in this patient to treat the suspected pathology. Which part of the brain
is most affected by this pathology?
● A. Temporal lobe
● B. Orbitofrontal lobes
● C. Limbic system
● D. Parietal lobe
● E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
A patient presents in neurosurgical OPD with complaint of dementia which progressively increased over time. Later the patient develops pyramidal tract findings (limb weakness, stiffness, and pathologic reflexes) and myoclonus. MRI of brain shows hyperintensities in the striatum and in multiple cortical regions. EEG showed bilateral sharp waves. This disease has no known treatment with median survival of only 5 months. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
● A. Neurocysticercosis
● B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
● C. Multifocal varicella-zoster leukoencephalitis
● D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
● E. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
A patient with history of fits presents with multiple ring enhancing lesions within the brain. Blood test shows eosinophilia. Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium or tapeworm) was made. Which of the following is the location of cyst within brain?
● A. Meningeal
● B. Parenchymal
● C. Ventricular
● D. Mixed
● E. All of the above
E. All of the above
All of the following are true regarding treatment of neurocysticercosis except?
● A. Praziquantel and albendazole are given
● B. Antiepileptics may be needed for seizures
● C. Steroids are not given because it decreases immunity
● D. Surgical resection of lesion is done when appropriate
● E. CSF diversionary procedure is done when needed
C. Steroids are not given because it decreases immunity
Echinococcus is a condition which is caused by encysted larvae of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosa and is also called as hydatid disease (cyst). On CT of the brain, it presents as single cyst confined to brain white matter. All of the following are included in Dowling technique for cyst removal except?
● A. The head is positioned so that the cyst points straight up toward ceiling
● B. Low power bipolar cautery is used to avoid cyst rupture
● C. Open the dura close to the dome of the cyst as it may be adherent to the dura
● D. Keep the surface of the cyst moist
● E. The cyst is removed without rupturing it
C. Open the dura close to the dome of the cyst as it may be adherent to the dura
Following are fungal CNS infection of brain except?
● A. Cryptococcosis
● B. Candidiasis
● C. Aspergillosis
● D. Echinococcosis
● E. Coccidiomycosis
D. Echinococcosis
Cryptococcal CNS infection is the most common fungal infection diagnosed in living patients. Which of the following is true regarding cryptococcal CNS infection?
● A. Cryptococcoma almost exclusively occurs in AIDS patients
● B. Cryptococcal meningitis can occur without AIDS and usually occurs with raised ICP
● C. CSF opening pressure is usually more than 20 cm of water
● D. Recommended medical treatment is amphotericin B deoxycholate plus fluconazole
● E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Amebic infection of CNS is caused by Naegleria fowleri which can cause diffuse encephalitis with hemorrhagic necrosis and purulent meningitis involving the brain and spinal cord. What is the drug of choice for medical treatment of this condition?
● A. Albendazole
● B. Praziquantel
● C. Amphotericin B
● D. Miconazole
● E. Fluconazole
C. Amphotericin B
