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Top Score for the Neurosurgery Board Examination (2025) > Neurology for Neurosurgeons > Flashcards

Neurology for Neurosurgeons Flashcards

1
Q

Regarding types of migraine, which of the following is a migraine with neurologic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, visual aura) without headache?
● A. Classic migraine
● B. Common migraine
● C. Hemiplegic migraine
● D. Migraine equivalent
● E. Histaminic migraine

A

D. Migraine equivalent

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2
Q

For idiopathic paralysis agitans (IPA), what is the hallmark histological feature?
● A. Lewy bodies
● B. Psammoma bodies
● C. Ki67 index
● D. Stellate microglia
● E. Bence Jones proteins

A

A. Lewy bodies

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3
Q

Which of the following is classic idiopathic paralysis agitans IPA plus amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
● A. Parkinson-dementia complex of Guam
● B. Riley-Day
● C. Huntington’s disease (HD)
● D. Shy-Drager syndrome
● E. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration (OPC)

A

A. Parkinson-dementia complex of Guam

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4
Q

Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system producing exacerbating and remitting symptoms that are disseminated in space and time. The McDonald criteria are utilized for the diagnosis. What is the
most common finding in CSF analysis?
● A. Raised opening pressure
● B. WBC count > 1000
● C. Proteins > 150
● D. Oligoclonal bands
● E. Mib-I

A

D. Oligoclonal bands

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5
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is degeneration of anterior horn cells and corticospinal tracts in the cervical spine and medulla. The definitive treatment includes which of the following?
● A. Surgery
● B. Radiotherapy
● C. Antiviral
● D. Antibiotics
● E. None

A

E. None

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6
Q

Regarding the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome, which of the following is a universal feature?
● A. Sensory deficit
● B. Areflexia
● C. CSF pleocytosis
● D. Periventricular calcifications
● E. Unilateral facial nerve palsy

A

B. Areflexia

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7
Q

Treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome includes which of the following?
● A. Steroids
● B. Immunoglobulins
● C. Antivirals
● D. Serial LP drainage
● E. Frontal lobectomy

A

B. Immunoglobulins

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8
Q

For treatment of acute transverse myelitis, which of the following has no role?
● A. Steroids
● B. Plasma exchange
● C. Cyclophosphamide
● D. Surgery
● E. Radiotherapy

A

E. Radiotherapy

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9
Q

Which of the following is the most common neurologic manifestation of neurosarcoidosis?
● A. Diabetes insipidus
● B. Intracranial hypotension
● C. Foix-Alajouanine syndrome
● D. Radiculopathy
● E. Sudden-onset blindness

A

A. Diabetes insipidus

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10
Q

Regarding treatment of neurosarcoidosis, which of the following has no role?
● A. Steroids
● B. Surgery
● C. Radiotherapy
● D. Methotrexate
● E. Antivirals

A

E. Antivirals

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11
Q

A patient presents in OPD with history of headache with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. The patient also complains of pungent smell before start of headache. Along with headache the patient also has occasional neurologic deficit that resolves spontaneously within 24 hours. What kind of headache this patient has?
● A. Common migraine
● B. Classic migraine
● C. Complicated migraine
● D. Migraine equivalent
● E. Cluster headache

A

B. Classic migraine

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12
Q

Patients with parkinsonism can be treated with surgery. Previously stereotactic thalamotomy used to be done for parkinsonism which relieves tremor more than bradykinesia. Which nucleus of thalamus is targeted during this procedure?
● A. Anterolateral
● B. Posterolateral
● C. Ventrolateral
● D. Medial geniculate nucleus
● E. Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

C. Ventrolateral

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13
Q

Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic demyelinating disease of the CNS, disseminated in time and space, with classic clinical findings of optic neuritis, paresthesias, and bladder symptoms.
Which of the following is the most common pattern of multiple sclerosis at onset?
● A. Relapsing remitting
● B. Secondary progressive
● C. Primary progressive
● D. Progressive relapsing
● E. None of the above

A

A. Relapsing remitting

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14
Q

A patient presents in OPD with slowly progressive weakness and atrophy in hands. With time the patient developed spasticity in lower extremities. The patient also developed dysarthria
and dysphagia along with tongue atrophy. EMG showed fibrillation potentials in tongue and slightly elevated protein in CSF.
What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
● A. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy
● B. Motor neuron disease
● C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
● D. Primary lateral sclerosis
● E. Progressive muscular and spinal atrophy

A

C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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15
Q

A patient presents in emergency with weakness in lower extremities that is symmetrical in both limbs and occurred some days after sore throat. The patient gives history of slight weakness in upper limbs as well with no sensory symptoms in
upper or lower limbs. CSF examination shows elevated protein.
What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
● A. Motor neuron disease
● B. Myasthenia gravis
● C. Guillain-Barre syndrome
● D. Myelitis
● E. Parkinson disease

A

C. Guillain-Barre syndrome

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16
Q

A patient presented with backache in the midthoracic region that progressed in 24 hours to muscles weakness in lower extremities. With time it involved sensory system and sphincter disturbance as well. He was diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis. What are treatment options in this patient?
● A. Steroids
● B. Plasma exchange
● C. Immune suppression
● D. Surgical decompression
● E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

17
Q

A patient presents in neurosurgical OPD with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Progressively he developed hydrocephalus and diabetes insipidus. CSF showed increased pressure with elevated protein and mild eosinophilia. Chest X-ray showed
lymph node enlargement. What is the most likely disease in this patient?
● A. Hodgkin’s disease
● B. CNS lymphoma
● C. Sarcoidosis
● D. Pseudotumor cerebri
● E. None of the above

A

C. Sarcoidosis

18
Q

Parkinsonism is because of degeneration of substantia nigra which results in reduced levels of what?
● A. Acetylcholine
● B. Dopamine
● C. GABA
● D. Serotonin
● E. Glutamic acid

A

B. Dopamine

19
Q

Following are the sensory findings in multiple sclerosis except?
● A. Loss of proprioception
● B. Paresthesias of extremities
● C. Lhermitte’s sign
● D. Trigeminal neuralgia
● E. Perianal anesthesia

A

E. Perianal anesthesia

20
Q

What are the treatment options for Guillain-Barre syndrome?
● A. Immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis
● B. Steroids
● C. Cyclophosphamide
● D. Methotrexate
● E. All of the above

A

A. Immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis

Top Score for the Neurosurgery Board Examination (2025) (116 decks)

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