Various Flashcards
AvGas weighs…
6 pds per US gallon (30lbs per green bag)
1.64lbs per litre
[0.72 kg per litre, but I will be flying in pounds]
Slight variation… on Mogas is 6.2 lbs per Usg, but 4% more Btu (better also).
Adding fresh mogas to stale (5 month old) will rejuvenate it, somewhat…
My Takeoff Briefing…
Engine failure before ____ msl (800agl) I will continue to fly straight ahead (or offset L or R 30deg due to WWF (wires-walls-fence) &Obstacles
Once above (800agl) I will turn into wind (Left or right) back to the Rwy, landing downwind.
Takeoff Abort math…
V1 surrogate…calculation
Must have achieved >70% of VR speed by 50% of TORA
70% Vr by 30% tora if 50’ obstacle
(is obstacle even higher than 50’?)
Density Altitude affect on Tora?
I require 10% more Tora for every 1000’ DA.
Flap settings
1 notch Takeoff
2 notch for short/soft-field takeoff
[can even Jack them out later near Vr]
2 notch on approach
2 notch for landing in strong Crosswinds assuming a long Rwy.
Over the Fence=
3 notch Landing Normal landing
4 notch Landing on Short Field or into Treetops
*Go-Around begins with only 1 notch less while I fly level…
Cruise Check
IFAR
I Instruments: Engine Temp+Psi, Batt Voltage, Devices Charging
F Fuel check (hourly); Ball centered
A Airfields wx updates (hourly)
(suitable fields below + surface wind direction, glide dist approximation)
R Red Page of the day
(dual: talk with Dsy)
Whenever hit Threshold at Vref +15 or more…or high…
Just Go-Around
(thats 25% faster, requires 70% more Runway)
Wheel Landing are useful under what conditions?
Crosswinds
Three-Point Landing are preferred when?
Short strips (Limited Lda)
Soft-fields
When operating on a defective tire, 80% or more deflated…what actions should be taken
Tire should be replaced asap
Can water form in side tanks when aircraft is in the Hangar?
Yes, due to Condensation
What is the most common form of fuel contamination?
Water
What do you think causes a fuel sump to be blocked?
Frozen ice water!
Must avoid using a plastic funnel & Nylon clothing when refuelling
To avoid creation of Static electricity
Always pack my Grounding wire…use one of my tie down stake buried and attach to Strut or exhaust, caution it will be Hot! Painted or Corroded surfaces are not good grounding points.
Must check for water in wings prior to sloshing (moving it)
Do it first! or water will do into suspension in the fuel
Let it sit at least 10min.
Why not a large single push of fuel sample?
Mini tornado pushes water to the outside like toilet bowl. Take sample in 4 short Bursts
90% of engine wear occurs when?
During first 10sec after start
What is lowest temp you should ever consider starting engine without any preheat?
-7deg C or 20deg F
This is an emergency, Master 1&2 on
Assume Mags are Hot and turn Prop over 4 times first…with Chocks-in
Maximum Engine starter times…
Crank for 10sec, then allow a full minute of cooling.
Max 6 start attemps then 30min of starter cooling
Do fine-wire plugs help or hinder cold weather starts?
Help
Can over-priming help Cold starts?
NO, simply washes oil from cylinder walls
What does priming do?
Raw fuel is directed to cylinder, whout passing through the Carb or intake manifold
What does MEF on a sectional chart indicate?
Highest Terrain or Obstacle in the quadrant +300’ (rounding up); Canada adds 100meters instead…
What is FSS frequency in the US?
122.2 mhz; when there is a Heavy line around Com Box
Unicom is different!
What is the flight watch frequency?
122.2 mhz, common name for ‘enroute flight advisory service’ (EFASO)
Obstacles greater than xxx’ agl get a ‘small’ icon (triangle & dot)
200’ agl; obstacles below that are not depicted…your in the ‘Danger Zone’ below 200’ agl!
Scud running under 400’ going to hit wires/towers…
The Super Large Tower icon is saved for Towers > than?
1000’agl
What does a simple cirlce for an airfield indicated on the sectional?
Aerodrome without any Hard Surface
What does double circle aerodrome on VNC chart indicate?
Military airfield
How can I tell if depicted aerodrome has fuel service?
Four-squared off Cardinal points around the circle indicate fuel
…Tits out the side…
What does CT stand for on VNC chart?
Control Tower
What does AOE mean near an aerodrome?
Airport of Entry
(customs & immigration)
Ctaf vs. Unicom
Common traffic advisory frequency, talking to other aircraft (My location and Intentions)
Unicom is talking to someone on the ground (Alt setting, other traffic, Rwy in use), in italics…
