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Bearhawk Patrol > ROT > Flashcards

ROT Flashcards

Memorization

1
Q

If I land at Vapp +10% what happens to my actual landing distance used (i.e. 6kts fast)?

A

Actual Landing distance increases by 21%

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2
Q

If Mtow is increased 10% (200lbs) what affect does this have on my required takeoff distance?

A

Takeoff run will be 21% longer.

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3
Q

Don’t fly in Mountains with >XX__ktswind at my level or YY_kts wind at the Peak tops.

A

X= 15kts; Y= 20kts

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4
Q

Anytime within 1/2 sm (2000’) from a ridge line, at what Lateral angle should I be?

A

45 deg or less, never approach perpendicular…

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5
Q

Valley breeze will be ____ in the morning

A

Uphill, due to Sun’s initial heating

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6
Q

I should always land up or down stream?

A

Upstream (uphill)

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7
Q

Late afternoons the valley air will be moving which direction?

A

Down the valley, as cool air descends…giving a tailwind on takeoff in many cases…

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8
Q

50/70 (%Tora / %Vr) Rot vs. 30/70?

A

If there is a 50’ obstacle to clear…

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9
Q

Should you ever fly in the middle of a Canyon?

A

NO

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10
Q

Does stall ias remain same at all altitudes (assuming same G-loading)?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is my Mountain Flying Wx minima?

A

10km or 5sm and Peaks clear of Cloud

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12
Q

Once airborne Mountain Flying Wx minima

A

8km or 4sm and 5000’agl ceiling or RTB!
Winds must be <22kts

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13
Q

How much extra TORA is required to overcome 1/8 inch of Frost on wings?

A

50% more Tora

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14
Q

Should you use the same Vapp while operating in Mountains?

A

Yes, it is self-correcting with height…

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15
Q

How much does Tas > with every 1000’

A

2%

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16
Q

What should I do differently if parked on a slope?

A

Turn Fuel selector off, to avoid syphoning of fuel to the lower wing.

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17
Q

Is it better to shuttle climb or descent in Mountainous terrain?

A

Both…it’s not about going ‘Direct’

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18
Q

What precaution should you take prior to entering an upsloping valley

A

Gain altitude ‘prior’ to entering it!

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19
Q

At what Density Alt should you start to lean your mixture for Takeoff?

A

3000’

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20
Q

Plan to Land at least XX minutes before sunset in Mountainous terrain

A

Due to diversions, Shuttle climbs, long Shadows late in the day.

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21
Q

Rule #1 in Mountain Flying…

A

Always remain in a position to turn towards lower ground.

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22
Q

Turn back assumptions in Mountains…

A

Started at 500’agl, Steep turn, Idle Power (to cater for any downdrafts or EO glide)

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23
Q

What’s the absolute lowest alitude I should fly in rising terrain?

A

500’agl

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24
Q

What is the most unique mindset for 180deg turn back in Mountains?

A

Assumption it will be done at idle power in the planning stage, but actually done at Max power in realtime (safety margin!)

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25
Q

Can use mechanical or convective lift to climb…but always turn…

A

Away from the mountain in figure 8, never towards it…45 deg towards and turn 180deg away…so end up 45 towards it.

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26
Q

SAR rule for lateral and Vertical in Canyons?

A

500’ from both, caters for downdrafts and turbulence.

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27
Q

How many G’s of lateral Decell can body absorb?

A

40g

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28
Q

How many G’s of vertical Decell can body endure (i.e compression on spine/neck)?

A

8g, so never stall it in tops of the trees…

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29
Q

When going down…fly at 1.3 Vs and flare Land it…

A

In trees, Uphill, anytime force land…never stall or decrease speed below 1.3 Vs

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30
Q

If Assumption that I will need to force land on an ‘Uphill slope’ what speed should I fly?

A

1.4 Vs because you’ll need much more flare

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31
Q

With a clean wing, never fly less than XX kts in the Mountains

A

80kts

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32
Q

What is trade-off with Flaps out?

A

Slower ias, tighter radius, but lower Ultimate load factor of 2.2G

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33
Q

At what power setting should you do a Canyon Turn (turnback)?

A

Max Power

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34
Q

Main reasons not to fly closer than 500’ from a canyon wall?

A

Snags, single big grey dead trees, Power lines (unseen), Turbulence

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35
Q

What often ‘lures’ you closer than 500’ from a canyon wall?

A

Lift

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36
Q

How is a ‘Narrow’ canyon defined?

A

Anytime turnback would use more than 1/2 the width of a canyon

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37
Q

What is MAJOR difference when choosing the side to fly up a “Narrow” canyon?

A

You must fly up it on the ‘Downdraft’ side; so your turnback is with updraft…logical…

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38
Q

45deg aob at 80kts Tas…diameter
45 deg aob at 90kts Tas

A

1150’
1500’

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39
Q

Higher you are, the more Tas, the larger your?

A

Turn diameter, path over-ground to turn around

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40
Q

At 5000’ msl your turn diameter is what percentage larger?

A

Your speed is 10% more diameter, will 20% more b/c affect is squared in equation…

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41
Q

What shift in winds is expected in 90% of takeoffs?

A

They will increase and shift Clockwise

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42
Q

From altitude to the ground I can expect winds will ?

A

Back and decrease (less # on compass)

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43
Q

Can you enter a ‘rising’ terrain canyon if there is insufficient room to turn around?

A

No

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44
Q

If you double the ias, what happens to the Radius?

A

It Quadruples…velocity is squared in Kinetic energy equation

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45
Q

What is kinetic energy equation?

A

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and to the square of its velocity: K.E. = 1/2 m v2. If the mass has units of kilograms and the velocity of meters per second,

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46
Q

Why are flaps ultimate load only 2.2g vs aircraft 3.8g?

A

They have no spar; once they rip off your assymetric and going down…be cautions.

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47
Q

Best rate of climb Vy found at what Pitch attitude?

A

~ +8.5deg Nose-up
Liftoff usually below Vy and witih PA of 3 to 7deg or so

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48
Q

How to figure out DA on my iphone

A

E6B app (don’t even need pressure altitude)
-Elevation
-Alt. Setting
-Temp in Deg C
-Dew point in Deg C

49
Q

With a Constant Speed Prop and above 8000’ DA what % should be added to TORA for each +1000’?

A

15%

It’s +10% for each 1k below 8000’

50
Q

With CSP Reduce ROC by xx % for each +1000’ DA; once above 8000’ DA reduce by yy % for each added 1000’ of DA

A

xx: 6%
yy: 8%

51
Q

Takeoff distance varies with Square of what?

A

My Takeoff Weight

Note…30% more weight when squared gives 1.69 or 70% longer Tora!!
…Must also mega-adjust for any obstacles at departure end of Runway…

[1500lbs empty to 2250lbs weight range; assume 1850lbs is 100%]
Empty aircraft 1500, +Dirk 210, +Fuel 140lbs or 22gal (1/3 tank)= 1850lbs
~Max Gross is 22% more weight @2250lbs= 50% longer Tora than Dirk solo 1/3 tank
~Min weight for takeoff ever would be 5% less weight than 1850lbs!

52
Q

True/False High Density altitude corrections with Heavy weight corrections can Quadruple my Sea-level Solo takeoff distance?

A

True

53
Q

Does using same ias at high DA compensate?

A

Yes, pitot tube is receiving same number of molecules!
And you’ll actually be at the required Higher TAS…

54
Q

A ten percent increase in TOW (200lbs) or 1 pax causes?

A

5% increase in T/o Speed
9% decrease in Accel
21% increase T/o Distance
*Offloading your pax has the opposite effects (good)

55
Q

Headwind will reduce normal takeoff distance using what ratio?

A

Starting point is 90% of Tora required
Then ‘subtract’ the % ratio of…
Headwind / Rotation speed

e.g.
6kts head/50kts = another 12% to subtract (‘Y’ distance times .88)
so, 700’ tora becomes 554’ in 6kts headwind

56
Q

Example 2kts head?
Example 20kts head?

A

90% Tora minus 2/60kts= 3.3% so 87% of Tora
90% Tora minus 20/60kts= 33% so 57% of Tora

57
Q

How much does 10kts headwind component reduce Tora?

A

25% or so (wag)

58
Q

How much does a tailwind that is ten percent (6kts) of Vr thereby increase my Tora?

A

21% more Tora needed

59
Q

Formula for tailwind effect on Tora?

A

110% + ratio in percent
Tail component / Vr

60
Q

Max Tailwind I would accept is 3kts…used in Tora formula

A

110% +
3/60= 5%
Tora becomes 115% of usual

61
Q

How much distance does a C-170 at 5000 DA and 10kts tailwind need to takeoff?

A

1900’ Tora assuming no obstacles on departure
(i.e. a lot!)

62
Q

What modification to normal takeoff should be done in Gusty conditions?

A

Keep aircraft on ground until Vr + 1/2 Gust factor

63
Q

ROT for various Surfaces..
Firm Turf
Rough, Rocky, Short Grass
Long Grass (>4 inch)
Softfield
Mud or Snow

A

+7% Firm Turf
+10% Rough, Rocky, Grass
+25% Long Grass (>4 inch)
+50% Mud or Snow
+25%-75% Softfield & Sand
*Note wet grass would combined % of Soft+Grass
*Alternatively 50/70 rule works as well…

64
Q

One-percent downslope is equivalent to xx % more runway?

A

5%

3% downslope takes 15% less Tora

65
Q

Each 1% upslope will increase Tora by?

A

10%

But, 6% upslope increases Tora by 40%

66
Q

What is maximum slope You shoud normally consider?

A

6 deg up or down slope

67
Q

Why consider Dew point in Performance Calculations?

A

Because more Humid air is less Dense!

68
Q

True/False Older engines (more hours) won’t perform as well?

A

True

69
Q

Certain local terrain shapes cause downdrafts after takeoff…

A

These effects can exceed climb capabilities of my a/c
Pireps and Field guides give guidance on local conditions, mind-those…

70
Q

Whats the difference in drag reduction by flying at 2’ vs. 15’ after takeoff?

A

Up to 4x less drag flying at 2’ as that eliminates 60% of induced drag!
Probably gain equivalent of 4-5kts Performance!

71
Q

Common visual illusion that causes Vr error at high DA airports?

A

You feel like your going plenty fast enough (you are in Tas terms) but your NOT in IAS terms, trust airspeed indicator for proper Vr, don’t rotate early or pull it off the ground, wait until if flies off at usual Climb attitude for every other Takeoff…be patient…

72
Q

Always the most Induced drag when?

A

At Vr and above 35’ agl, ground effect vanishes and your at your highest aoa and slowest ias, generating most lift you can

73
Q

True/False it is a good idea to learn to fly at 2’ in calm air and 3’ otherwise..

A

True, to Maximize Ground Effect after takeoff until Vy, every foot counts, but don’t ‘Skip’ off the surface either!
Accel to Vx and retract flaps in ground effect if obstacles are very nearby, then leave Ground effect in Clean Config at Vx to clear obstacles (50’ trees)

74
Q

Never set a Pitch attitude >7deg Nose-up while still on the takeoff roll…

A

This ensure you’ll having flying speed once airborne.
Set the attitude and let it fly off when it wants…don’t pre-empt the process (or help it along by pulling back more)

75
Q

What happens if you wait for liftoff with only a 3deg Nose up PA?

A

You’ll take off closer to Vy and not need ground effect and be safe in Turbulence or Gusts

76
Q

What should you do when you line-up for takeoff?

A

Look for a prominent landmark ‘beyond’ the end of the Runway.

77
Q

When should you smoothly lift the tail on takeoff?

A

Once you have proper Elevator Authority due to aerodynamic forces.
Default takeoff would be tail low (assuming no Gusts)

78
Q

True/False Can consider snatching 1 notch flap once tail is up while looking straight forward?

A

True if got the Ram todo so and not lose directional control

79
Q

Why must you avoid a 2nd touchdown after your airborne in Ground effect?

A

Damage due to Sideloads!

80
Q

True/False Always re-trim as you exceed Vx and transition to Vy climb

A

True

81
Q

True/False Viewed from cockpit the propeller rotates Counter-clockwise?

A

False
It rotates Clockwise

82
Q

Two advantages to Snatching out 1-notcho flap after Tail is up?

A
  1. Less drag during initial accelleration
  2. Less chance of damaging flaps with Flying debris from my Prop
83
Q

Is it easier to only set 1 notch, or set just the 2nd notch on takeoff roll (having preset notch 1)?

A

Depends on my cockpit and hand Ergonomics

84
Q

Anytime there are obstacles beyond end of runway (i.e Trees) what is the maximum flap setting for takeoff?

A

1 Notch, as more will decrease ROC a lot!

85
Q

What is difference in Tora with 1 notch vs. 2 nothes of Flap?

A

…200’?

86
Q

Should I lock brakes as I put full power for a Short-field Takeoff?

A

NO, it will tip-over…prop strike

87
Q

What can result from using full power while stationary?

A

Prop will pickup rocks and debris that will damage the Prop.

88
Q

Whats the ROT for Vapp vs. Weight reduction?

A

% we Reduce Vapp is by 1/2 of % of weight reduction
i.e. 10% less is 5% lower Vapp

89
Q

How to correct for a small Balloon during flare?

A

Add some power, a small amount.

90
Q

When natural horizon is not visible, what is the baseline for Level flight?

A

Base of the Mountains 7 miles ahead.

91
Q

What is Pitch Attitude for best rate of Climb?

A

Horizon just below Cowling, intersects side of cowling below the nose. Practice Transition visually between Level flight and Climb attitudes, should end up within 1 kt of Vx or Vy

92
Q

What attitude change occurs in the flare?

A

From my spot aimpoint to my climb pitch attitude!
…slowly…to not balloon

93
Q

What procedure could be used in extremis for strong crosswinds?

A

Divert
Land on Taxiway
Land Flaps up
Flaps 2 is a good compromise

94
Q

Which landing provides a shorter landing when proficient?

A

Tail Low, because more WOW for braking…

95
Q

What happens when a figure skater extends her arms while spinning?

A

That reduce her moment of inertia! But we cannot ever do that…

96
Q

What do you need to reduce the swerve in extremis?

A

Sufficient Speed or Power to raise the tail and get weight ‘back’ on the wheels!
So when your too slow and swerved beyond a certain angle…not recoverable!

97
Q

Flight Planning rule for each 1000’ of cruise altitude?

A

Add 1 min to enroute time

98
Q

How many minutes of climb per hour enroute is usually efficient?

A

10min * ROC = Max logical Cruise alt

99
Q

Celcius to Farenheit?

A

Double and add 30

100
Q

Effect of higher than usual humidity on Tora?

A

Add 10%

101
Q

A two-percent change in weight causes a X % change in Stall speed?

A

1%

102
Q

10% increase in Mtow causes?

A

5% more speed need to liftoff
10% less accelleration rate
20% more Tora

103
Q

True of False? Takeoff Distance varies with the square of the weight change?

A

True
20% more weight is 44% more Tora
1.2 * 1.2= 1.44
30% more weight is 70% more Tora

104
Q

1600 pounds vs 2400 pounds affect on Tora?

A

50% more weight
1.5 * 1.5= 2.25 * normal Tora
Over twice as much Tora needed

105
Q

If your 20% lighter then how much less Vapp you can expect?

A

10% lower Vapp
Vapp reduced by half of % decrease in overall weight.

106
Q

Will you be able to make a high speed descent if winds change by six knots per 1000’ ?

A

No

107
Q

Sea level Tora at Mtow

A

1000’

108
Q

Sea level Tora over 50’ Obstacle

A

2000’

109
Q

Sea level ROC and Ias

A

800’fpm, 80kts

110
Q

Tailwind increase Tora ROT?

A

110% times normal distance
Plus % of tailwind speed/rotation speed

111
Q

Upslope Takeoff ROT?

A

1 or 2 deg up, add 10% per deg to Tora for current DA.

112
Q

Downslope Takeoff ROT?

A

Decrease Tora by 5% per deg slope down

113
Q

How long should you fly in Ground effect?

A

Until >Vx and clean

114
Q

Should know what OPT parameters for BH?

A

Tora, Land distance, ROC and Sea level and every 2000’ increment until 10000’ms

115
Q

For a Constant speed prop, above 8000’ DA what correction apply to Tora for each additional 1000’

A

15% for each 1000’ above 8k

116
Q

Reduce Sea-level ROC by X amount per 1k below 8000’

A

6%
8% when above 8500’msl

117
Q

Should know my aircraft ROC at 2400lbs and 1800lbs

A

Log it at various MSL alt 2-4-6-8-10k
Helps me plan my escape from a Downdraft!

118
Q
A

Bearhawk Patrol (13 decks)

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