Red Pages

Question 1

Philosophy…

Answer 1

Maintain aircraft control, Analyse the situation, Take action…

Aviate (fly the plane, don’t stall, spd is life)
Navigate (make one smart turn)
Communicate (will give rescue services)

It doesn’t pay to move fast, until you know what to move + in what direction!

Question 2

Engine Fire on Start-up

Answer 2

Continue Cranking to attempt engine light-off
If successful start…then run engine at 1700rpm
~~~
If not successful, keep cranking for 2min
With…
Mags off
Mixture cut-off
Thottle full Open
Fuel Valve shutoff Closed
Obtain a Fire Extinguisher (Horizontal Figure 8 sign)
~~~
When ready to use Fire Extinguisher…
Stop Cranking
Master 1&2 off
Fight Fire

Question 3

Engine fire on ground or during takeoff…

Answer 3

Idle
Brake
Maintain directional control stick back
Mixture cutoff
Master 1&2 Off, Altn Fld +Mags off
Fuel selector valve Off
Get out and consider fighting fire with extinguisher

Question 4

Tail rising during Taxi

usually after a turn from cross or headwind to a Tailwind..

Answer 4

Release any Brakes
Add Power
Stick way back into my Gut!

Question 5

What causes the most severe Wake Turbulence?

Answer 5

Bigger, heavier aircraft during T/O-Landing, occurs when large Aoa is demanded
6kts of Crosswind is the worst
(as this hovers the ‘upwind’ vortex over the rwy)
Quartering Tailwinds, also very bad also

I can mitigate them by…

Rotating much earlier, Cimbout steeper
(note: most airliners climbout steeper than me)
Turning to avoid their flight path
Landing beyond their touchdown point
*if unsure, then I must wait 4min for dissipation…

Question 6

Efato

Answer 6

G L I D E

G Push to obtain Vg and Trim, from 6deg Nu to 2deg ND PA
[most immediate priority from Vx 58kts is to push to 70kts, land straight ahead, avoid wires & walls]
…Land on any Remaining Runway with a forward sideslip…
L <800’ agl just land left-right 30deg of straight ahead track
[brief which side is better prior to lineup when there is an obvious choice]
You cannot stretch a Glide…trim to 70kts
I Investigate: GMT (if time permits
[Gaz (Mix Rich+Fuel selector on), Mags both, Throttle ease back+fwd]
D Delcare an emergency: Mayday, C/S x3, Position, Nature Emergency, People on board
E ECL: Toges (Tighten harness, Open door, Gaz off, Elec off, Stow loose items,)

Question 7

Partial Power loss on Takeoff or Climbout

Answer 7

Adjust Pitch attitude (as required) to achieve Vg of 70kts
[accept whatever ROC or ROD that results, must fly 70kts]

Assess which side to turn is best direction, then turn with 15deg aob
#1. Away from Obstacles, if none…
#2. Into wind

Question 8

Eng Fail 180deg back to Rwy…

Answer 8

Only once >800’ agl & Vy (Verbalize relevant MSL ALT for this aerodrome?)
Turn into wind (which is the side the wind is coming from…)
Use 50deg aob with nose down; speed target of 85kts at 1.5g
Fly the pitch attitude with the V-Bar parrallel to Horizon
Turn will take 15 secs, be patient (i.e. 7 sec until 90 deg done)

In the end, the Heading change 210deg…
Speed is life, 40% in + 60% out Scan

Question 9

Engine Failure in Cruise

Answer 9

Rich Hot Bothx2
‘GLIDE’

Mix Rich
Carb Heat Hot
Mags & Fuel Selector switch between my legs on Both

…If Time permits…while investigating “i”
Check Primer In + locked
Squawk 7700

Question 10

When my engine has failed when should I engage the red starter button?

Answer 10

Only when propeller is not windmilling and there was no obvious mechanical seizure..

(You have not chucked a Piston or Rod)

Question 11

Criteria for selecting a good field to land on?

Answer 11

Should be <1/2 way to the Horizon
Make extra effort to Look to both sides…
Longer, Ploughed, Green grass
Into wind is a Bonus if choices have no obstacles!

…Must Avoid… WWF
Electric Wires
Walls
Fences;
then…ditches
Fewer obstacles on Approach end is preferred (in case I come in short)
~~~
[I changed field with Dave from ahead with tall trees to left ploughed]

When field assured:
Full Flap+Sideslip til 15’ then 3 point stall touchdown if space permits (Lda)

Ground run with Horizontal Decelleration of 90m is all you need (push it on when its a short landing area) even 10m decell is survivable!

Question 12

Forest Landing

Answer 12

Fly later portion at Vref with F4
(gives a better view of ‘line’ I choose)
Never stall on Treetops
Fly into them on a 3deg glidepath NO Flare…
Land into similar sized trees
Aim between 2 similar big trees, but never want to clip 1 single large tree!
Totally survivable

Question 14

How to avoid Vapour Lock?

Answer 14

Flight Plan a lower cruise altitude with Mogas on Hot days.
Use Avgas >9000’ especially on Hot days.

Lower ambient pressure lowers Mogas boiling point causing bubbles when its Hot out, this simply leads to Fuel starvation, there is no procedure to fix it…

Question 15

Immediate actions for a Rough Engine?

Answer 15

Rich Hot Bothx2
Primer in+locked
Throttle (slowly adjust back then Fwd)

~Could try only L or R mag
Scan Dynon for a faulty cylinder…

Turn to nearest
Search for landing sites and leap-frog between them (i.e. Zig Zag as required to remain over good fields)
-If mixture rich doesn’t work then try leaning it.

Just doing a precautionary landing in a favorable field is a safe choice.

Question 16

Engine Fire

Immediate actions…if burning smell

Answer 16

Throttle to Idle
Mixture cut-off
Fuel Selector off (the Big Knob downstairs)
Mags Off
Cabin Heat off (stop smoke ingress)
Land ASAP off-field (You only got 15min)
Vents closed if through Firewall
[That fire likely burnt through some stuff and may reappear/ignite soon]

Sq 7700, Mayday
Master 1&2 off
Try 130kts to blowout the fire, or 75kts full-sidelsip away from flames
Land Asap and Evacuate

Question 17

Spin

Answer 17

Idle+Neutral Rudder, Power, Climb level

Idle, stick Neutral (both ailerons and elevator), Rudder (opposite), Power, Climb (at 2g is enough, don’t rip wings off)

Question 18

Spiral recovery (when ias is increasing as well as G loading and noises)…

Answer 18

Idle-Level-Pull

Simply use Ailerons to level wings
Climb with 2g pull, don’t rip the wings off

Question 19

Stall recovery?

Answer 19

Psi, Power, Rudder, Level, Climb

Pressure forward as a positive check, Power to full, Rudder (push opposite rudder to any wing drop), Level, Climbout slowly…at first almost level flight

Question 20

Mid-Air collision occur when?

Answer 20

Near Airports, so do all Unicom 122.8 radio calls
Use the Radio and monitor others calls
1 a/c descending on-top of another a/c!
Check 6’ o’clock High
Lights on

-Don’t be afraid to Max perform the aircraft (do the snatch)
-I could use upto 75deg AOB to control damaged aircraft creating excessive pitch up (4g at 76deg aob) following a collision induced flight control malfunction.

Question 21

Indications of an electrical fire?

Answer 21

The odor of burning insulation an acrid sharp smell
Faint White to a grey-blue smoke
Flickering Electrics
CB’s Popping (don’t reset them)

-Usually due to wire arcing (two wires touch without insulation b/c chafed)

[Wood or paper give off white smoke;
Diesel gives black smoke due to imcomplete combustion]

Question 22

Electrical Fire immediate actions?

Answer 22

Master 1 & 2 Switches off
Alt Field Sw off

…If there is an obvious culprit, turn it off!
(Tx, Dynon, Radio)
Check CB’s, don’t reset them
Keep Mags ON
Fight fire
Take only essential electrics one at a time
Clear the Cabin of Smoke with Vents, only do that if you cannot breathe…
Land Asap

Question 23

Cabin Fire immediate actions?

Answer 23

Cabin Heat off
Vents Closed
Master 1&2 off
Fight fire with Extinguisher
Land asap

Open Cabin vents after fire is extinguished
Consider opening window
Consider doing sideslip away from flames
Your landing asap in case of re-ignition

Question 24

Icing up

Answer 24

Carb Heat On
Pitot Heat On

Go back immediately to ‘ice free’ air…
(wherever that just was…)
(if Carb heat used continuously, then lean mixture)

Last resort:
Induce a Spin…Stick back & Full Rudder

Question 25

Indadvertent IMC

Answer 25

When can see less than 60 sec ahead with stopwatch, then MUST RTB
[3sm is seeing 100seconds…]; Never slow below 80kts

Go onto Ai; then verbalize PA-Hdg-Alt-Ias
Pitot Heat On

Consider where is most dangerous terrain within 3 miles of my current track?
180 deg turn is better Left or Right?

Read+Memorize Recip Heading ‘before’ I start the turn.
Turn at 22deg aob for 1 min

Maybe decide climb, descend; however, 180deg turn is usually Best done level.

Turn 1min, Rate-1 (22deg aob) if I got 1nm of space free of terrain.

Question 25

Ditching procedures?

Answer 25

~~~
Flown slower at Max endurance speed which gives time for radio calls, 65kts
Marine channel 16 Mayday & Position, no-need to hear their replies
(carry Marine radio for any salt water crossings)
Find a boat nearby and fly ‘in front’ of it with lights ON…
Jettison heavy objects
Squawk 7700, Elt On
Land into wind
Land at 1.2 Vref, minimum Rod, Full-Flaps
Touchdown in a level attitude
Just prior to impact, Cross arms & Remove feet from Rudders
Don’t inflate Mae West prior to Ditching
Stoges (…must open door prior to water impact)’

Question 26

How to escape from a sinking aircraft…

Answer 26

Put Heed in your mouth, calm down
Open door and Eyes fully (maybe latch it open)
Hold a post near door
Unstrap (never start by doing this, unstrap last)
Exit with hands-only pulling you out, don’t kick or you’ll get tangled on gear.

…If stuck, backup a bit, twist 90deg and try again, could also use a knife.
Then Drift above a/c while holding top of doorframe, check Pax!

Breathe normally as in scuba diving, to go up slowly to the surface
Once on surface, inflate Mae West

Question 27

…STOGE
is my Emergency Landing Checklist, last bit of GLIDE pneumonic….

Answer 27

Stow loose items
(sharp, heavy)
Tighten harness
(like very tight)
Open Door
Gaz off
(Mixture & Fuel selector)
Elt On & Elec off
(Master Sw 1 & 2 off+Altn Field+Mags off)

Question 28

Forced landing touchdown attitude?

Answer 28

3-Point…
Tail wheel first if able & use brakes

Question 29

What can over-priming cause?

Answer 29

Induction Fires, Continue to operate the Engine Starter to suck flames back in.

Question 30

Best way to immediatly stop the engine if there is collision imminent on ground or no rise in Oil pressure 30sec after start?

Answer 30

Mags Off
Faster stop than with Mixture
…now Cylinders will have un-used fuel in them…don’t touch the prop.

Question 31

Night Engine failure, best practices…

Answer 31

Fly into wind! (as this gives lowest G/S)
Use Synthetic vision to avoid obstacles
Stabilize @55kts F3, wait for impact…gives least compression & lowest overall energy
Put my big LED Lights on
Flare only if it makes sense (over a field); never stall it.

Question 32

I.A. if on ground during taxi my tail starts to rise?

Answer 32

Release brakes
Add Power to overpower Tailwind with Propwash
Stick full Back

Question 33

When is it ok to use power against a brake?

Answer 33

On taxi if tail coming up with a Tailwind
Blast of air is to increase elevator effectiveness

Question 34

Best glide engine-out config

Answer 34

Fly Vg clean
Throttle Full Open
Tailwinds help a lot!

If Landing site is bad…Elt On & Sq 7700
Prop Coarse…Blue all way out; but doesn’t help if there is no more eng oil psi

Question 35

Engine failure on Takeoff roll

Answer 35

Idle
Brake
Maintain directional control stick back
Once stopped…
Mixture cutoff
Master 1&2 Off, Altn Fld +Mags off
Fuel selector valve Off

Question 36

How to do a PFL

Answer 36

Alt lost per 360 deg circe at 25 deg aob clean
Land into wind, avoid landing short…
Aim for first 1/3 of field (have sideslip available)
Be 500’ or so on downwind as a wag

Question 37

In-flight Fire

Answer 37

Throttle to Idle
Cabin Heat off

Is it an engine or electrical or Cabin fire?
[Close air vents for a Cabin fire and use Extinguisher]

Question 38

Wing Fire procedure

Answer 38

Lights off x4
Aux Fuel Pump off
Pitot Heat off

Question 39

Shaking & Dumping oil

Answer 39

Mags off, setup for GLIDE
Forced landing will follow

Question 40

Zero Oil pressure

Answer 40

With Vibs, shaking, Dumping oil…any other Dynon indications…
Mags OFF
Don’t relight

Question 41

Vapor lock occurs

Answer 41

Occurs over 10,000’ with mogas
Your not doing a forced landing…

Question 42

Aircraft Upset…
UTAP

Answer 42

Unload
Throttles as required
Ailerons to roll level
Pitch to level flight

Question 43

Governor Failure…

Answer 43

Throttle back <2600 rpm
Land Asap, as oil might be leaking out…

Slower Descent (prop is not ‘fine’, full-in)

Question 44

Governor Failure…

Answer 44

Throttle back <2600 rpm
Land Asap, as oil might be leaking out…

Slower Descent (prop is not ‘fine’, full-in)