variations on ancestral themes reading Flashcards

1
Q

prostomes

examples

A

nematodes arthopods and oncyohophorans

flatworms annelids and molsucs

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2
Q

deuterstomes

examples

A

hemichordates
echinoderms
chordates

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3
Q

urbilateria

A

common ancestor to bilateria

genes lost by individual phyla in evolution

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4
Q

evodevo

A

evolution and developmental viology balidates thro gene analsis to determine classification

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5
Q

drosophila and xenopos

A

have same hox genes that control antero posterior axis

have chordin bmp gene networks that determines dorsal ventral development

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6
Q

prostomes vs deutersomtes

A

prostomes; mouth at blastophore, mouth first, ventral nerve cord

deutersomes; mouth second, anus at blastopore, dorsal nerve cord

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7
Q

prostomes subspecies

A

ecydozoa and lophotrochozoa

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8
Q

ecdysozoa

A

arthopods nematodes oncyhophorans

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9
Q

lophotrochozoa

A

flatwoms anneilids chordates molluscs

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10
Q

snowball earth scneario

A

glaciation period 550 mya that decreased biological activity and cause selecte bottlenecks, after which radiation of metazoa occured

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11
Q

animals evolution

A

biologically geographically isolated

evolution through genetic evolution

after snowball earth; environment warmed up and intense disepred evolution and gene loss

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12
Q

genetic tool kit

A

urbilateria as common ancestor to bilateria

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13
Q

ep lewis

A

diveored genes control fly ambomdinal segements through colinearity (anterior posterir axis expression)

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14
Q

lost genes of urbilateria examples

A

c elegans and drosohpila lose genes in lophotrochozoa and chordates

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15
Q

nematostella vecetensis

A

sea anmon; cnidarian believed to have diverged from bilateria

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16
Q

scott-gehring

A

discovering homeovox genes

17
Q

homeobox genes

A

originate in urbliateria

common to grogs and fruit fly developmental genes! all arthopods have similar set

18
Q

mutations and hox genes

A

mutations cause genes to have different morphological outcomes leading to variation; hence many animal features share historical genetical homologies

19
Q

segmentation in invertebrates

A

parasegmentation

20
Q

segmentation in vertebrates

A

segments from sclerotome

21
Q

mouse mesoderm

A

hox gene xpression correponds to somite borders

22
Q

chordin bmp pathway

A

dorsal ventral axis
; chordates form CNS from ecoterm and mesoderm forms notochord

xenopus/zebrafish; celldifferentation involve ventral bmp and dorsal chordin genes

23
Q

homologos of chordin dmp in drosophila

A

dpp and sog gene

24
Q

ancestry of bilaterian cns

A

in chordates forms dorsally and in prostomes forms ventrally

25
Q

pax6 gene

A

regulator of eye developmnt

26
Q

hemichordates and pax6

A

lost neural centralizations secondarily and urblaiters organised CNS

27
Q

genetic toolkit urbilateria

A

natural seection created diversity but pax 6 genes and hox genes are homolougously brought out by ENVIRONMENTAL constraints causing mutations

28
Q

hox genes and convergent evolution

A

functional needs (wings of pterodactyls and birds); hence same genes cause the different analogous mutations

29
Q

designated parallellism

A

converent evolution caused by parallel natraul selection of ancestral gene networks