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Life on Earth > deuterostomes > Flashcards

deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

deuterostomes phylum

A

echinoderm
hemicordates
chordates

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2
Q

deuterostome properties

A

mouth derives from second opening

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3
Q

distinctionb etween deuterosomtes and protostomes

A

is becoming fuzzy;
prosostomes, ecdysozoa and lophotrochozoa all clearly a monophyletic group;

not all prostomes are spiral cleavers

not all prosostomes prosostomes

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4
Q

examples of non-protostomes protostomes

A

chaetognaths(lophotrophozoa) and priapulids (ecdysozoa)

develop secondary mouth

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5
Q

trimery

A

having 3 segments; usually a deuterostome feature

-could be a primtiive characteristics of triplomblasts lost in prostostomes

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6
Q

first triploblast

A

probably a deuterostosome as Braciopods develop similarliy but are prostomes due to de-volution

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7
Q

scientific confusion aboout lophophores

A

are the protostomes? (ribosomal dna evience) but have tri-partheid body of a deuterostome

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8
Q

annelids rigdea worm

A

is made up of three segments

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9
Q

previousally classifed deuterostomes

A

chateongraphs (now lophotrophozoa)

bracio pods

annelids

telophores

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10
Q

brachiopods

A

similar prostomes charteristics

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11
Q

chaetographs

A

are lophotrophozoa; ; had similar characteristics (trimery and radial cleavage) but were reclassified due to genome sequence

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12
Q

abulacrania

A

clade consisting of echinoderms and hemicordhates

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13
Q

echinoderm examples

A

star fish and sea urchin

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14
Q

hemichordate example

A

worms

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15
Q

chordate examples

A

vertebrates such as apes

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16
Q

popular belief about deuterostomes

A

that they started as sessil filter feeders (similar to echinoderms) and then developed into hemichordates as free swimming larvae and eventually complexified into vertebrates (not true tho)

17
Q

truth about deuterstome-conception development

A
  • echinoderms are the first despite being simple
  • hemichordates arent a sistergroup of chordates, instead echinoderms and hemichorates more embryologically similar
  • larvae comparisons shows echinodersm and hemichordates are closely related
18
Q

echinoderms and hemichordates

A
  • closeley related; molecular data shows similar larvae and embryological stages
  • similar nervous systems
19
Q

calcihodrate

A

stylophoria; disputed for long time but are an early echinoderm fossil

fould out by characteristics of echindoerm of mineralized skeleton that forms a spong like mesh; stereom catalatic endoskeleton similar to sea urchin skeleton

20
Q

chordates and hemichordates

A

have mouths where water enteres and slips into gills

these pharangeal slits found in fossilied echindoerms

21
Q

urochordates

A

used to be classified as molluscs but actually chordates due to embryologically similarities

are sessile filterfeers

eggs are tadpole larvae; fish like and have notochords

have dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, anus and post anal tai and are muscular segmented

22
Q

cephalochordates

A

also have notocord and stiffening rod for rigid muscles and dorsal nerve cord

fishliked and usualyl filter feed

23
Q

truth about urochordates, cephalochordates and vertebrates

A

urochodates more closely related to vertebrates than fish like cephalochordates

-ancestor of urochordates more complex but have lost charateristics from active predator to passive filter feeder

hence vertebrates + urochordates form a clade and cephalochordates are a sister group

24
Q

inversion of dorsoventral axis

A

vertebrates have a dorsal nerve cord; invertabrates have a ventral nerve cord BECAUSE at one point in history vertebrates flipped over

25
Q

flipping of verterbrates

A

during cambrian era; changed nerve cord position

thats why flies and toads have similar gene express (chord BMP4 gene) but expressed on flys back and toadas belly

26
Q

possible fourth deuterostome group?

A

xenoturbella and aceolomorphs not related to platyhelminth but are outside tribloblasts; hence maybe branched early or developed?

27
Q

what was urbilateria

A

could have been a deuterstome

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