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y13 a2 chemistry > Variable oxidation states > Flashcards

Variable oxidation states Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the oxidation state of Vanadium in V²⁺ ?

A

+2

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2
Q

What colour is the V²⁺ ion?

A

violet

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3
Q

What is the oxidation state of vanadium in V³⁺?

A

+3

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4
Q

What is the colour of the V³⁺ ion?

A

Green

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5
Q

What is the oxidation state of vanadium in VO²⁺?

A

+4

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6
Q

What is the colour of the VO²⁺ ion?

A

Blue

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7
Q

What is the oxidation state of vanadium in VO₂⁺?

A

+5

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8
Q

What is the colour of the VO₂⁺ ion?

A

Yellow

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9
Q

What is the first equation when vanadium (V) is reduced by zinc metal in an acidic solution?

A

2VO₂⁺ + Zn + 4H+ -> 2VO²⁺ + Zn²⁺ + 2H2O

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10
Q

What is the colour change when VO₂⁺ is reduced to VO²⁺?

A

Yellow to blue

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11
Q

What is the second equation when VO²⁺ is reduced to V³⁺?

A

2VO²⁺ + Zn + 4H+ -> 2V³⁺ + Zn²⁺ + 2H2O

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12
Q

What is the colour change when VO²⁺ is reduced to V³⁺?

A

Blue to green

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13
Q

What is the third equation when V³⁺ is reduced to V²⁺?

A

2V³⁺ + Zn -> 2V²⁺ +Zn²⁺

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14
Q

What is the colour change when V³⁺ is reduced to V²⁺?

A

green to violet

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15
Q

What is the redox potential?

A

How easily an atom is reduced to a lower oxidation state

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16
Q

The more positive the redox potential…

A

…the less stable the ion will be and so the more likely it is to be reduced

17
Q

What two things affect redox potential?

A

Ligands

pH

18
Q

How do ligands affect redox potential?

A

Different ligands may make the redox potential larger or smaller, depending on how well they bind to the metal ion in a particular oxidation state

19
Q

How does pH affect the redox potential?

A
  • Some ions need H+ ions to be present in order to be reduced
  • Others release OH- ions into solution when they are reduced
20
Q

Why is Tollen’s reagent used as an oxidising agent to test for aldehydes?

A

Ag+ is easily reduced to silver metal

y13 a2 chemistry (64 decks)

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