Reactions of amines Flashcards
What are the two ways to produce an aliphatic amine?
From nitriles
From halogenoalkanes
What type of reaction involves a halogenoalkane?
Nucleophilic substitution
What are the conditions when you react a halogenoalkane to produce an amine?
Warmed with excess ethanolic ammonia
What do you react a halogenoalkane with to produce an amine?
Ammonia
What is produced when you react a halogenoalkane with ammonia?
Mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts as more than one hydrogen is likely to be substituted
What is the lab method of producing amines from nitriles?
Reduce nitrile to an amine using a strong reducing agent eg. LiAlH4, followed by a dilute acid
Why is LiAlH4 used in a lab?
It is too expensive for industrial use
What is catalytic hydrogenation?
Using a metal catalyse such as platinum or nickel at a high temperate and pressure
What is formed when an acyl chloride reacts with ammonia?
Primary amide
What is formed when acyl chloride reacts with a primary amine?
N-substituted amide
What mechanism is used when acyl chloride reacts with both a primary amine and ammonia?
Nucleophillic addition-elimination
What is formed when acid anhydrides react with primary amines or ammonia?
Carboxylic acid
Amide
What is produced when acid anydrides react with primary amines?
N-substituted amide
What is produced when acid anhydrides react with ammonia?
Primary amide
In general, how are aromatic amines produced?
By reducing a nitro compound such as nitrobenzene
