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Y13 A2 Chemistry > Organic synthesis > Flashcards

Organic synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

NH3

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2
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

alcohol

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3
Q

Acyl chloride to N-Substituted amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Amine

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4
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A 
Oxidation 
Primary alcohol 
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7
Distillation
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5
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination
H3PO4
Heat

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6
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7
Reflux

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7
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Esterification
Carboxylic acid
Concentrated H2SO4 or
Acyl chloride/Acyl anhydride

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8
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Oxidation
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7
Secondary alcohol

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9
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

Reduction
NaBH4
Primary alcohol formed

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10
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
H2SO4
K2CrO7
Reflux

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11
Q

Alkane to halogenoalkane

A

Free radical substitution
Halogen eg. Cl2
UV light

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12
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A 
Hydration 
Steam 
Dilute H2SO4 catalyst
Reflux 
60-70atm pressure 
300 degrees temperature
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13
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Hydrogenation
H2
Ni catalyst
Heat

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14
Q

Alkene to alkyl hydrogensulfate

A

Electrophilic addition

Concentration H2SO4

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15
Q

Alkene to halogenoalkane

A

Electrophilic addition

Br2 or HBr

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16
Q

Alkyl hydrogensulfate to alcohol

A

hydrolysis
Warm
Dilute

17
Q

Amine to N-substituted amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Acyl chloride

18
Q

Carboxylic acid to aldehyde

A

Reduction NaBH4

19
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Esterification
Alcohol
Concentration H2SO4

20
Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Aqueous NaOH
Heat
Reflux

21
Q

Halogenoalkane to alkene

A

Elimination
Ethanolic NaOH
Reflux

22
Q

Halogenoalkane to amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Ethanolic ammonia
Warm
Reflux

23
Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Ethanolic KCN
Warm
Reflux

24
Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

Reduction
NaBH4
Secondary alcohol

25
Q

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition

HCN

26
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

Reduction

LiAlH4 or NaBH4

Y13 A2 Chemistry (64 decks)

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