Organic synthesis Flashcards
Acyl chloride to amide
Nucleophilic addition elimination
NH3
Acyl chloride to ester
Nucleophilic addition elimination
alcohol
Acyl chloride to N-Substituted amide
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Amine
Alcohol to aldehyde
Oxidation Primary alcohol H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 Distillation
Alcohol to alkene
Elimination
H3PO4
Heat
Alcohol to carboxylic acid
Oxidation
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7
Reflux
Alcohol to ester
Esterification
Carboxylic acid
Concentrated H2SO4 or
Acyl chloride/Acyl anhydride
Alcohol to ketone
Oxidation
H2SO4
K2Cr2O7
Secondary alcohol
Aldehyde to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4
Primary alcohol formed
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Oxidation
H2SO4
K2CrO7
Reflux
Alkane to halogenoalkane
Free radical substitution
Halogen eg. Cl2
UV light
Alkene to alcohol
Hydration Steam Dilute H2SO4 catalyst Reflux 60-70atm pressure 300 degrees temperature
Alkene to alkane
Hydrogenation
H2
Ni catalyst
Heat
Alkene to alkyl hydrogensulfate
Electrophilic addition
Concentration H2SO4
Alkene to halogenoalkane
Electrophilic addition
Br2 or HBr
Alkyl hydrogensulfate to alcohol
hydrolysis
Warm
Dilute
Amine to N-substituted amide
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Acyl chloride
Carboxylic acid to aldehyde
Reduction NaBH4
Carboxylic acid to ester
Esterification
Alcohol
Concentration H2SO4
Halogenoalkane to alcohol
Nucleophilic substitution
Aqueous NaOH
Heat
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to alkene
Elimination
Ethanolic NaOH
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to amine
Nucleophilic substitution
Ethanolic ammonia
Warm
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to nitrile
Nucleophilic substitution
Ethanolic KCN
Warm
Reflux
Ketone to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4
Secondary alcohol
Ketone to hydroxynitrile
Nucleophilic addition
HCN
Nitrile to amine
Reduction
LiAlH4 or NaBH4
