Varia Facts, Causes, and Differences

Question 0

4 Causes of Malaena

Answer 0

Varices
Liver Disease
GastricUlcer
Duodenal Ulcers

Question 1

Why won’t adrenaline injections into the gut: eg. in ulcer Rx, cause much CV probs?

Answer 1

Taken into portal circulation and metabolized by liver

Question 2

5 causes of microcytic anaemia:

Answer 2

iron deficiency
thalassemia
anaemia of chronic disease
sideroblastic anaemia
lead poisoning

Question 3

3 causes of macrocytic anaemia

Answer 3

B12
and Folate deficiency
drugs that impair DNA synthesis: Methotrexate, sulfa, chemo

Question 4

Venous ulcers characteristics:

Answer 4

distal (medial malleoli)
irregular margins
yellow exudates
venous stasis surrounding
mod painful
superficial depth
normal distal pulses

Question 5

arterial ulcer characteristics

Answer 5

distal locations
pale white, necrotic base
even punched out margins
deep depth
thin, shiny, dry, hairless cool skin
decreased pulses
extremely painful, with claudication

Question 6

characteristics of diabetic ulcers

Answer 6

painless
on pressure points
irregular margins
decreaesd pulses

Question 7

side effects of chronic steroids

Answer 7

immunosuppression, infection
osteoporosis, fractures
lassitude
cushingoid symptoms: hirsutism, bruising, acne
weight gain
hypertension
oedema
hyperglycaemia
amenorrhoea, irregular periods
weight gain

Question 8

stigmata of chronic liver disease?

Answer 8

clubbing
duputryen's
palmar erythema
leukonychia, splinter hemorrhaging
jaundice
metabolic flap
spider naevi
varices: caput medusae
scleral icterus
ascites
encephalopathy
gynecomastia

Question 9

What happens to venous pressure during inspiration?

Answer 9

Venous pressure drops due to vasodilation of IVC therefore increase venous return to right atria

Question 10

What happens to the left side of the heart during inspiration re: murmurs

Answer 10

Expansion of lungs: More pulmonary blood volume» decreased return to the left atrium and ventricle therefore decreasing the volume of left-sided murmurs

Question 11

What could cause orange urine and tears?

Answer 11

Rifampicin

Question 12

what is the acronym for TB meds?

Answer 12

RIPE
Rifampicin
isoniazide
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

Question 13

how to detect pyelonephritis?

Answer 13

kidney punch

Question 14

pleural plaques on CXR indicative of?

Answer 14

Aesbestos exposure, not necessarily aesbestosis

Question 16

use cochicine for what? how does it work?

Answer 16

gout
pericarditis

inhibits mitosis spindles

Question 17

Warfarin greater than what you need to adjust?

Answer 17

> 4

adjust dose

Question 18

Normal Creatinine?

Answer 18

70-150umol

Question 19

What 5 antibiotics increase risk of C. Diff?

Answer 19

Clindamycin
3,4th gen cephalosporin
Quinolones
Augmentin Dura Forte

Macrolides

Question 20

What virus careful for post-renal transplant?

Answer 20

BK Virus

Question 21

HIV has increased risk of what in heart? why?

Answer 21

MI due to atherosclerosis

HAART

Question 22

what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 22

CSF pressure building up gradually over time in older adults, drainage gradually blocked, slow enlargement of ventricles eventually causes symptoms

Question 23

what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 23

CSF pressure building up gradually over time in older adults, drainage gradually blocked, slow enlargement of ventricles eventually causes symptoms

Question 24

Mefloquine adverse reaction?

Answer 24

adverse neuropsychiatric reactions

Question 25

treatment drug for Menieres?

Answer 25

Prochlorperazine

Stemetil

Question 26

what artery supplies the AV node?

Answer 26

Right coronary

Question 27

Mobitz Type 1 vs. Type 2

Answer 27

Type 1: lengthening PR intervals

Type 2: fixed PR with random drop beats

Question 28

describe ECG in 1st degree heart block?

Answer 28

lengthened PR interval, no dropped beats

Question 29

describe ECG in 3rd degree heart block?

Answer 29

No SA or AV node conduction, all ventricular focus

Question 30

what is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Answer 30

complex condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas or the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). These tumors, called gastrinomas, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes your stomach to produce too much acid. The excess acid, in turn, leads to peptic ulcers.

Question 31

if patient is on high dose long term prednisoline + pneumonia think of?

Answer 31

Atypicals:
Nocardia
toxoplasmosis
Cryptococcus

Question 32

Pulsus Paradoxus is?

Answer 32

change in more than 10mmHg systolic BP due to inspiration, change affects the venous input to the right atrium