Varia Facts, Causes, and Differences Flashcards
4 Causes of Malaena
Varices
Liver Disease
GastricUlcer
Duodenal Ulcers
Why won’t adrenaline injections into the gut: eg. in ulcer Rx, cause much CV probs?
Taken into portal circulation and metabolized by liver
5 causes of microcytic anaemia:
iron deficiency thalassemia anaemia of chronic disease sideroblastic anaemia lead poisoning
3 causes of macrocytic anaemia
B12
and Folate deficiency
drugs that impair DNA synthesis: Methotrexate, sulfa, chemo
Venous ulcers characteristics:
distal (medial malleoli) irregular margins yellow exudates venous stasis surrounding mod painful superficial depth normal distal pulses
arterial ulcer characteristics
distal locations pale white, necrotic base even punched out margins deep depth thin, shiny, dry, hairless cool skin decreased pulses extremely painful, with claudication
characteristics of diabetic ulcers
painless
on pressure points
irregular margins
decreaesd pulses
side effects of chronic steroids
immunosuppression, infection osteoporosis, fractures lassitude cushingoid symptoms: hirsutism, bruising, acne weight gain hypertension oedema hyperglycaemia amenorrhoea, irregular periods weight gain
stigmata of chronic liver disease?
clubbing duputryen's palmar erythema leukonychia, splinter hemorrhaging jaundice metabolic flap spider naevi varices: caput medusae scleral icterus ascites encephalopathy gynecomastia
What happens to venous pressure during inspiration?
Venous pressure drops due to vasodilation of IVC therefore increase venous return to right atria
What happens to the left side of the heart during inspiration re: murmurs
Expansion of lungs: More pulmonary blood volume» decreased return to the left atrium and ventricle therefore decreasing the volume of left-sided murmurs
What could cause orange urine and tears?
Rifampicin
what is the acronym for TB meds?
RIPE Rifampicin isoniazide pyrazinamide ethambutol
how to detect pyelonephritis?
kidney punch
pleural plaques on CXR indicative of?
Aesbestos exposure, not necessarily aesbestosis
use cochicine for what? how does it work?
gout
pericarditis
inhibits mitosis spindles
Warfarin greater than what you need to adjust?
> 4
adjust dose
Normal Creatinine?
70-150umol
What 5 antibiotics increase risk of C. Diff?
Clindamycin
3,4th gen cephalosporin
Quinolones
Augmentin Dura Forte
Macrolides
What virus careful for post-renal transplant?
BK Virus
HIV has increased risk of what in heart? why?
MI due to atherosclerosis
HAART
what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
CSF pressure building up gradually over time in older adults, drainage gradually blocked, slow enlargement of ventricles eventually causes symptoms
what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
CSF pressure building up gradually over time in older adults, drainage gradually blocked, slow enlargement of ventricles eventually causes symptoms
Mefloquine adverse reaction?
adverse neuropsychiatric reactions
