Dr. Hogan Bedside Tut #9 Flashcards
what kind of facial expression in parkinson’s?
Flat affect
hyper or hypothyroidism has periorbital oedema?
hypothyroidism
Cup test to distinguish?
Parkinson’s
Cerebellar dysfunction
what does someone with Parkinson’s cup test look like?
decrease tremor with focus on task
how to isolate heart sounds?
patient to hold breath after expiration
3 classic signs of Parkinson’s?
Brady Kinesia
Tremor
Rigidity
Early Signs of Parkinson’s?
Anosmia
diminished arm swing
reduced movement during sleep
writing in early parkinson’s?
micrographia
5 Causes of resting tremor:
Parkinson's salbutamol cerebellar dysfunction Hyperthyroidism benign essential tremor
4 Causes of Parkinson’s?
Idiopathic
Drugs (MPTP)
Trauma (boxing)
Carbon Monoxide
reflex for Parkinson’s?
Glabellar Tap
Alcohol abuse history, looks for what in face?
trophic tongue changes or mouth changes due to vitamin deficiency
what is 4% albumin used for?
volume expander as a colloid
what is 20% albumin used for?
replace hypoalbuminaemia
What is transudate?
less proteins and cells, change in osmotic pressure
what is exudate?
large amount of protein and cells in fluid, usually when capillaries vasodilate or an obstruction
number one cause of exudative ascites?
malignancy
If you have chronic liver disease, what are 3 causes of ascites?
mechanical congestion
hypoalbuminaemia
diminished catabolism of mineralcorticoids
If you have chronic liver disease, what are 3 causes of ascites?
mechanical congestion
hypoalbuminaemia
diminished catabolism of mineralcorticoids
5 causes of hypoalbuminaemia:
Chronic liver disease nephrotic syndrome protein losing enteropathy kwashiorkor massive burns
molecular weight of albumin?
70kDA
3 kinds of capillaries in body?
Continuous endothelial
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
where do you find: Continuous endothelial
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
Continuous endothelial: nearly all tissue
Fenestrated: small bowel, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal: liver, spleen, bone marrow
