valvular heart disease and edema

Question 1

disease characterized by damage or a defect in one of the four heart valves

Answer 1

valvular heart disease

Question 2

valve conditions lead to what

Answer 2

increased workload of the heart

Question 3

turbulent blood flow within or between heart chambers, almost always denoting valve dysfunction

Answer 3

heart murmur

Question 4

a non-specific term meaning that a valve is not functioning properly

Answer 4

valvular incompetence

Question 5

a non-specific term meaning a valve is unable to close properly, resulting in back flow

Answer 5

valvular regurgitation/insufficiency

Question 6

the inability of the valve to open properly, resulting in reduced volume of blood exiting the chamber and considerable pressure in the exit chamber

Answer 6

valvular stenosis

Question 7

term for valves bulging upward, which can cause back flow of blood, only occurs in the mitral valve

Answer 7

valvular prolapse

Question 8

6 most common causes of valvular heart disease

Answer 8

hypertension/chronic congestive heart failure, complications of myocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, congenital abnormality, radiation therapy for cancer

Question 9

an autoimmune reaction secondary to infection by streptococcus bacteria

Answer 9

rheumatic fever

Question 10

signs and symptoms of valvular heart disease

Answer 10

fatigue, leading to breathlessness and dyspnea

Question 11

two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge upward into the left atrium

Answer 11

mitral valve prolapse

Question 12

the most common cause of mitral valve prolapse

Answer 12

abnormally stretchy valve leaflets and their supporting chordae tendinae

Question 13

a connective tissue disorder that affects the elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix

Answer 13

marfan’s syndrome

Question 14

condition that presents with long limbs, joint hypermobility, spinal deformities, pectus excavatum (pigeon chest), bilateral dislocation of the lens of the eyes, mitral valve prolapse, progressive dilation of the aortic valve ring, weakness of the arteries

Answer 14

marfan’s syndrome

Question 15

an increase in the amount of fluid in the interstitial space either beneath the skin or in an organ cavity

Answer 15

edema

Question 16

name for full body edema

Answer 16

anasarca

Question 17

type of edema: excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 17

ascites

Question 18

type of edema: excess fluid in the pleural space/cavity

Answer 18

hydrothorax/pleural effusion

Question 19

type of edema: fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs. a feature of congestive heart failure

Answer 19

pulmonary edema

Question 20

type of edema: excess fluid in the pericardial space

Answer 20

pericardial effusion

Question 21

type of edema: usually of the exin of the extremity, that when firmly pressed with a finger will maintain the depression it produces. chronically turns into trophedema

Answer 21

pitting edema

Question 22

type of edema: causes peripheral sensitization, altered motor control, and proprioceptive changes

Answer 22

trophedema

Question 23

type of edema: no indentation in the skin left after pressure, can be caused by lymphedema as well as myxedema and lipedema

Answer 23

non-pitting edema

Question 24

type of edema: in part of the body lower than the heart

Answer 24

dependent edema

Question 25

name for weakened or damaged veins/venules that can lead to pooling of fluid distally

Answer 25

chronic venous insufficiency