blood vessel conditions

Question 1

the general state of blood flow, without turbulence

Answer 1

laminar

Question 2

the normal condition for blood flow throughout most of the circulatory system

Answer 2

laminar flow

Question 3

under conditions of high flow, laminar blood flow can become ________

Answer 3

turbulent

Question 4

blood flow that does not flow linearly and smoothly in adjacent layers

Answer 4

turbulent flow

Question 5

how does turbulent blood flow affect the energy requirements of blood flow

Answer 5

increases the required energy through friction

Question 6

the formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel

Answer 6

thrombosis

Question 7

aka for a clot in a blood vessel

Answer 7

thrombus

Question 8

what are 6 possible causes of thrombosis

Answer 8

trauma, smoking, turbulence, inflammation, infection, atherosclerosis

Question 9

fatty deposits that build up between the tuinca intima and tunica media walls of arteries

Answer 9

plaque

Question 10

these are recruited to injured areas to form an initial plug

Answer 10

platelets

Question 11

chemicals released by platelets to start a clotting cascade

Answer 11

clotting factors

Question 12

a protein that crosslinks with itself to form a mesh that makes up the final blood clot

Answer 12

fibrin

Question 13

blood clots in an artery

Answer 13

arterial thrombi

Question 14

a complete or partial block of blood flow in an artery

Answer 14

*occlusion

Question 15

aka for a heart attack

Answer 15

myocardial infarction

Question 16

blood clots in a vein

Answer 16

venous thrombosis

Question 17

immobilization, inflammation, and trauma are all possible causes of what?

Answer 17

venous thrombosis

Question 18

a piece of material traveling in a blood vessel

Answer 18

embolus

Question 19

term for when a piece of material traveling in a blood vessel blocks said blood vessel

Answer 19

embolism

Question 20

a thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream

Answer 20

thromboembolus

Question 21

a thrombus that breaks loose and blocks a blood vessel

Answer 21

thromboembolism

Question 22

5 possible materials that can make up an embolus

Answer 22

fat globules, air bubbles, infected materials, cancer, foreign substances

Question 23

an embolism in the brain can cause what two conditions

Answer 23

transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke

Question 24

embolism in the lung

Answer 24

pulmonary embolism

Question 25

tissue death

Answer 25

necrosis

Question 26

tissue death due to the loss of blood supply to the affected area

Answer 26

infarction

Question 27

lesion resulting from tissue death caused by the loss of blood supply to the affected area

Answer 27

infarct

Question 28

a type of infarction that affects the heart

Answer 28

myocardial infarction

Question 29

what is the primary cause of myocardial infarction

Answer 29

blockage of a coronary artery

Question 30

tissue death caused by a blockage or rupture and hemorrhage of a cerebral artery

Answer 30

stroke/cerebrovascular infarction

Question 31

type of infarction that may include skeletal muscle, avascular necrosis of bones, or necrosis of a part or entire limb

Answer 31

limb infarction

Question 32

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

Answer 32

avascular necrosis/osteonecrosis

Question 33

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

Answer 33

angiitis/vasculitis

Question 34

inflammation of an artery

Answer 34

arteritis

Question 35

inflammation of a vein

Answer 35

phlebitis

Question 36

5 causes of vasculitis

Answer 36

infection, inflammatory conditions, hypersensitivity reactions, direct trauma, idiopathic

Question 37

presence of a clot in addition to phlebitis, but unassociated with the veins inflammation

Answer 37

phlebothrombosis

Question 38

a distinct hot red streak apparent on the skin surface is a sign of what

Answer 38

significant local inflammation of more superficial blood vessels

Question 39

generalized heat and redness are likely signs of what

Answer 39

significant local inflammation of deep blood vessels

Question 40

sign of vasculitis: always present to some extent.

Answer 40

edema

Question 41

sign of vasculitis: in phlebitis, distal swelling is also typical

Answer 41

edema

Question 42

sign of vasculitis: emenates from the site in a more disseminated intense achiness. may be ischemic in the tissues serviced by the blood vessel

Answer 42

pain

Question 43

an idiopathic, progressive, low grade arteritis of the superficial temporal artery

Answer 43

temporal arteritis/giant-cell arteritis

Question 44

form of arteritis that is quite common in individuals over 50, and is usually unilateral

Answer 44

temporal arteritis

Question 45

form of arteritis that generally has no signs/symptoms, but when present includes unilateral headache, ipsilateral facial pain/numbness/parasthesia, and ipsilateral vision problems

Answer 45

temporal arteritis

Question 46

a genetically conditioned hypersensitivity condition that reacts to smoking

Answer 46

Buerger's Disease

Question 47

disease in which the overwhelming majority of affected are males aged 19-40 (at diagnosis), Jewish or Arabic descent, and heavy smokers

Answer 47

buerger's disease

Question 48

flare-ups of acute angiitis, intense pain, and sings/symptoms of accute inflammation are all indicative of what condition

Answer 48

buerger's disease

Question 49

condition characterized by 'attacks' of arteriolar spasm, typically affecting the hands and other extremities, cyanosis, ischemic pain

Answer 49

raynaud's disease/phenomenon

Question 50

condition that results from valvular incompetence in veins

Answer 50

varicose veins

Question 51

term for varicose veins in the anus

Answer 51

hemorrhoids

Question 52

3 main causes of varicose veins

Answer 52

chronically elevated hydrostatic pressure, inheritance, direct damage

Question 53

condition presenting with progressively elevated, tortuous, lumpy veins. bluish segments, tissue fragility

Answer 53

varicose veins