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Systems > blood vessel conditions > Flashcards

blood vessel conditions Flashcards

1
Q

the general state of blood flow, without turbulence

A

laminar

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2
Q

the normal condition for blood flow throughout most of the circulatory system

A

laminar flow

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3
Q

under conditions of high flow, laminar blood flow can become ________

A

turbulent

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4
Q

blood flow that does not flow linearly and smoothly in adjacent layers

A

turbulent flow

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5
Q

how does turbulent blood flow affect the energy requirements of blood flow

A

increases the required energy through friction

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6
Q

the formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

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7
Q

aka for a clot in a blood vessel

A

thrombus

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8
Q

what are 6 possible causes of thrombosis

A

trauma, smoking, turbulence, inflammation, infection, atherosclerosis

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9
Q

fatty deposits that build up between the tuinca intima and tunica media walls of arteries

A

plaque

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10
Q

these are recruited to injured areas to form an initial plug

A

platelets

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11
Q

chemicals released by platelets to start a clotting cascade

A

clotting factors

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12
Q

a protein that crosslinks with itself to form a mesh that makes up the final blood clot

A

fibrin

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13
Q

blood clots in an artery

A

arterial thrombi

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14
Q

a complete or partial block of blood flow in an artery

A

*occlusion

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15
Q

aka for a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

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16
Q

blood clots in a vein

A

venous thrombosis

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17
Q

immobilization, inflammation, and trauma are all possible causes of what?

A

venous thrombosis

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18
Q

a piece of material traveling in a blood vessel

A

embolus

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19
Q

term for when a piece of material traveling in a blood vessel blocks said blood vessel

A

embolism

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20
Q

a thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream

A

thromboembolus

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21
Q

a thrombus that breaks loose and blocks a blood vessel

A

thromboembolism

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22
Q

5 possible materials that can make up an embolus

A

fat globules, air bubbles, infected materials, cancer, foreign substances

23
Q

an embolism in the brain can cause what two conditions

A

transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke

24
Q

embolism in the lung

A

pulmonary embolism

25
Q

tissue death

A

necrosis

26
Q

tissue death due to the loss of blood supply to the affected area

A

infarction

27
Q

lesion resulting from tissue death caused by the loss of blood supply to the affected area

A

infarct

28
Q

a type of infarction that affects the heart

A

myocardial infarction

29
Q

what is the primary cause of myocardial infarction

A

blockage of a coronary artery

30
Q

tissue death caused by a blockage or rupture and hemorrhage of a cerebral artery

A

stroke/cerebrovascular infarction

31
Q

type of infarction that may include skeletal muscle, avascular necrosis of bones, or necrosis of a part or entire limb

A

limb infarction

32
Q

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

A

avascular necrosis/osteonecrosis

33
Q

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

A

angiitis/vasculitis

34
Q

inflammation of an artery

A

arteritis

35
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

36
Q

5 causes of vasculitis

A

infection, inflammatory conditions, hypersensitivity reactions, direct trauma, idiopathic

37
Q

presence of a clot in addition to phlebitis, but unassociated with the veins inflammation

A

phlebothrombosis

38
Q

a distinct hot red streak apparent on the skin surface is a sign of what

A

significant local inflammation of more superficial blood vessels

39
Q

generalized heat and redness are likely signs of what

A

significant local inflammation of deep blood vessels

40
Q

sign of vasculitis: always present to some extent.

A

edema

41
Q

sign of vasculitis: in phlebitis, distal swelling is also typical

A

edema

42
Q

sign of vasculitis: emenates from the site in a more disseminated intense achiness. may be ischemic in the tissues serviced by the blood vessel

A

pain

43
Q

an idiopathic, progressive, low grade arteritis of the superficial temporal artery

A

temporal arteritis/giant-cell arteritis

44
Q

form of arteritis that is quite common in individuals over 50, and is usually unilateral

A

temporal arteritis

45
Q

form of arteritis that generally has no signs/symptoms, but when present includes unilateral headache, ipsilateral facial pain/numbness/parasthesia, and ipsilateral vision problems

A

temporal arteritis

46
Q

a genetically conditioned hypersensitivity condition that reacts to smoking

A

Buerger’s Disease

47
Q

disease in which the overwhelming majority of affected are males aged 19-40 (at diagnosis), Jewish or Arabic descent, and heavy smokers

A

buerger’s disease

48
Q

flare-ups of acute angiitis, intense pain, and sings/symptoms of accute inflammation are all indicative of what condition

A

buerger’s disease

49
Q

condition characterized by ‘attacks’ of arteriolar spasm, typically affecting the hands and other extremities, cyanosis, ischemic pain

A

raynaud’s disease/phenomenon

50
Q

condition that results from valvular incompetence in veins

A

varicose veins

51
Q

term for varicose veins in the anus

A

hemorrhoids

52
Q

3 main causes of varicose veins

A

chronically elevated hydrostatic pressure, inheritance, direct damage

53
Q

condition presenting with progressively elevated, tortuous, lumpy veins. bluish segments, tissue fragility

A

varicose veins

Systems (13 decks)

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