blood pressure conditions

Question 1

equation for blood pressure

Answer 1

BP=cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 2

longer equation for blood pressure

Answer 2

BP=heart rate x stroke volume x total peripheral resistance

Question 3

abnormal drop in blood pressure with a change in position

Answer 3

orthostatic hypotension

Question 4

what qualifies as orthostatic hypotension

Answer 4

a drop of at least 20 systolic BP or 10 diastolic BP AND an increase in pulse pressure by 10-20%

Question 5

dizziness or lightheadedness

Answer 5

syncope

Question 6

a decrease in blood pressure right after eating a meal

Answer 6

postprandial hypotension

Question 7

blood pressure above 140/90 when taken on two or more separate occasions with a non-automated office blood pressure method

Answer 7

hypertension

Question 8

what is the threshold for hypertension for someone with diabetes

Answer 8

130/80

Question 9

what is the indication for hypertension according to the hypertension canada guidelines

Answer 9

over 130/80 or 135/85

Question 10

chronically elevated blood pressure affecting the systemic arteries

Answer 10

systemic hypertension

Question 11

hypertension that occurs in 90-95% of the hypersensitive population

Answer 11

essential hypertension

Question 12

hypertension that occurs in 5-10% of the hypersensitive population

Answer 12

secondary hypertension

Question 13

compared to primary, how does diastolic BP compare in secondary hypertension

Answer 13

diastolic is higher in secondary hypertension

Question 14

situations where the blood pressure elevates, sometimes dramatically, when readings are being taken by medical professionals

Answer 14

white coat hypertension

Question 15

normal blood pressure readings in a clinic setting with periodically high readings at home

Answer 15

masked hypertension

Question 16

dangerously high blood pressure that typically comes on suddenly and is a medical emergency

Answer 16

malignant hypertension/hypertensive emergency

Question 17

intermittent elevation of blood pressure interpsersed with normal readings

Answer 17

borderline hypertension

Question 18

intermittent elevation of blood pressure interpsersed with normal readings

Answer 18

borderline hypertension

Question 19

the most hemodynamic form of hypertension in the elderly

Answer 19

isolated systolic hypertension

Question 20

marked elevated systolic pressure but normal diastolic

Answer 20

isolated systolic hypertension

Question 21

aka “bad cholesterol”

Answer 21

low density lipoproteins

Question 22

transports cholesterol throughout the body, builds up in the walls of arteries

Answer 22

low density lipoproteins

Question 23

aka “good cholesterol”

Answer 23

high density lipoproteins

Question 24

picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver

Answer 24

high density lipoproteins

Question 25

hypertensive medication that acts on kidneys to increase production of urine/decrease blood volume

Answer 25

diuretics/water pills

Question 26

hypertensive medication that modifies sympathetic nervous system reactivity

Answer 26

beta blockers

Question 27

side effects of diuretics

Answer 27

fluid/electrolyte imbalance, muscle weakness/spasm, headaches, nausea

Question 28

side effects of beta blockers

Answer 28

breathing difficulties, paresthesia, decrease in sensation, dysrhythmia, depression, fatigue

Question 29

hypertensive medication that slows down the heart rate and increases efficiency of contraction

Answer 29

glycosides

Question 30

side effects of glycosides

Answer 30

toxicity

Question 31

hypertensive medication that inhibits brain-originating signals that initiate sympathetic transmission to increase heart rate and constrict blood vessels

Answer 31

central-acting agents

Question 32

hypertensive medication that either blocks sympathetic neurotransmitters from synapsing on the smooth muscle of the arterial system or decrease the number of sympathetic neurotransmitter impulses emitted from the vasomotor center in the brain

Answer 32

alpha blockers/alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Question 33

hypertensive medication that modifies/limits the uptake and use of calcium in smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls

Answer 33

calcium antagonists/calcium channel blockers

Question 34

hypertensive medication that modifies the production of angiotensin II by suppressing ACE and decreasing vasoconstriction

Answer 34

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors

Question 35

hypertensive medication that works directly on tunica media muscle in BV walls to reduce contraction

Answer 35

vasodilators

Question 36

hypertensive medication with good targeting of coronary arteries

Answer 36

nitroglycerin

Question 37

hypertensive medication that prevents thrombin from forming

Answer 37

anticoagulants

Question 38

hypertensive medication that helps to prevent or impair platelet aggregation and decreases the risk of dangerous thrombus formation

Answer 38

antithrombotics

Question 39

the three methods through which hypertensive medication relieve hypertension

Answer 39

reduce blood volume, improve heart function, improve blood vessel diameter

Question 40

side effects of calcium antagonists

Answer 40

swelling in distal extremities, orthostatic hypotension, headaches, nausea

Question 41

side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 41

rash and dry cough