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Systems > functional anatomy & physiology review > Flashcards

functional anatomy & physiology review Flashcards

1
Q

system of the heart and continuous circuit of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs and body tissues and from the tissues back to the heart

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the chest cavity between two lungs

A

mediastinum

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3
Q

how much of the body exists in a fluid state

A

55%

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4
Q

which heart chamber receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

A

right atrium

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5
Q

which heart chamber receives re-oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

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6
Q

what are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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7
Q

which heart chamber takes de-oxygenated blood that has returned to the heart from the body tissues and pumps it into the lungs

A

right ventricle

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8
Q

which heart chamber takes the refreshed blood from the lungs and pumps it into the aorta

A

left ventricle

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9
Q

the supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue consistent with its current metabolic need

A

perfusion

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10
Q

structures in the heart that act as gateways, sitting in open position when blood needs to pass through them

A

valves

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11
Q

valves between the upper and lower heart chambers

A

atrioventricular valves

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12
Q

atrioventricular valve situated between the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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13
Q

atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

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14
Q

valves between the ventricles and the pulmonary trunk of the aorta

A

semilunar valves

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15
Q

semilunar valve between the right ventricle and pulmonic trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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16
Q

semilunar valve between the left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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17
Q

muscles that support the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

A

papillary muscles

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18
Q

structures that, among other things, attach the papillary muscles to the cusps of valves

A

chordae tendineae

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19
Q

term for disease/damage causing a valve to open poorly or incompletely

A

stenotic

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20
Q

term for disease/damage causing a valve to close poorly or incompletely

A

regurgitative

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21
Q

inner layer of the heart

A

endocardium

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22
Q

middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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23
Q

outer layer of the heart

A

pericardium

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24
Q

thickest layer of the heart, responsible for the contraction of the heart wall

A

myocardium

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25
Q

a serous sac in which the heart sits

A

pericardium

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26
Q

inner layer of the pericardium

A

visceral pericardium/epicardium

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27
Q

outer layer of the pericardial sac

A

parietal pericardium

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28
Q

layer of the pericardium that attaches the parietal layer to the surrounding structures of the heart

A

fibrous pericardium

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29
Q

the space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

30
Q

blood vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

A

coronary arteries/veins

31
Q

a large vein that empties coronary blood supply into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

32
Q

structure of the heart in which the signals for myocardial contraction originate

A

sinoatrial node

33
Q

the two paths through which the sinoatrial node depolarization wave travels

A

bachmann’s bundle and atrioventricular node

34
Q

signals from the SA node exit the atrioventricular node into what structure

A

the AV bundle (bundle of His)

35
Q

the bundle of His separates into what two structures

A

left and right bundle branches

36
Q

the bundle branches from the AV bundle terminate in what structures

A

perkinje fibres

37
Q

structures that communicate the signal to the muscle cells of the myocardium

A

purkinje fibres

38
Q

structures within myocardial fibre membranes which create several points of rapid communication among adjacent cells

A

intercalated discs

39
Q

the name for number of times the heart beats per minute

A

heart rate

40
Q

stretch receptors stimulated by the distortion of the arterial wall with pressure changes

A

arterial baroreceptors

41
Q

afferent neural influence of the heart that initiate reflex autonomic responses to change the cardiac output, heart rate, and blood vessel tone

A

arterial baroreceptors

42
Q

afferent neural influence of the heart, generate signals that influence distribution of blood volume in different parts of the system. involved in managing average blood pressure

A

low pressure baroreceptors

43
Q

what input results in increased heart activity

A

sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

what input results in decreased heart activity

A

parasympathetic nervous system

45
Q

largest vessel in the arterial system

A

aorta

46
Q

blood vessel that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

A

aorta

47
Q

where are the coronary arteries located

A

proximal end of the aortic arch

48
Q

aka for blood reservoirs, large veins that can adjust or manage the percentage of total blood volume in the arterial system

A

capacitance vessels

49
Q

3 levels of blood vessels (excluding capillaries)

A

tunica intima, media, externa/adventitia

50
Q

blood vessel layer made of endolethial cells and some elastin

A

tunica intima

51
Q

blood vessel layer with variable amounts of elastin and smooth muscle

A

tunica media

52
Q

blood vessel layer largely consisting of collagen

A

tunica adventitia/externa

53
Q

blood vessels with only one layer and a basement membrane

A

capillaries

54
Q

the simultaneous contraction of the two ventricles resulting in expulsion of the blood from the heart

A

heart beat

55
Q

the number of times the heart beats in one minute

A

heart rate

56
Q

the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

A

systole

57
Q

the resting phase of the cardiac cycle

A

diastole

58
Q

the period from beginning of one heart to the beginning of the next

A

cardiac cycle

59
Q

the force exerted by blood against the arterial walls during the cardiac cycle

A

blood pressure

60
Q

pressure applied equally by water on the walls of its container

A

hydrostatic pressure

61
Q

pressure exerted as a result of the flow of blood and changes according to the contours and branching of the walls

A

hemodynamic pressure

62
Q

the highest reading achieved as an ejection of blood moves into the vessel

A

systolic pressure

63
Q

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per cardiac cycle

A

stroke volume

64
Q

the lowest reading achieved as an ejection of blood moves into the vessel

A

diastolic pressure

65
Q

the average pressure in the large arteries

A

mean arterial pressure

66
Q

the amount of blood in the system

A

blood volume

67
Q

the quantity of blood that the heart pumps into the systemic circulation each minute

A

cardiac output

68
Q

left ventricle stroke volume, strength and velocity of blood ejection, and elasticity of aorta are determinants of what?

A

systolic pressure

69
Q

condition of artieries, resistance of arterioles, and competence of aortic valve are determinants of what?

A

diastolic pressure

70
Q

the sum of all factors the heart overcomes in order to push blood out and create flow through the circulatory circuits

A

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

71
Q

what is the “equation” for blood pressure

A

blood pressure= cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Systems (13 decks)

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