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functional anatomy & physiology review Flashcards

1
Q

system of the heart and continuous circuit of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs and body tissues and from the tissues back to the heart

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the chest cavity between two lungs

A

mediastinum

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3
Q

how much of the body exists in a fluid state

A

55%

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4
Q

which heart chamber receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

A

right atrium

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5
Q

which heart chamber receives re-oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

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6
Q

what are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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7
Q

which heart chamber takes de-oxygenated blood that has returned to the heart from the body tissues and pumps it into the lungs

A

right ventricle

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8
Q

which heart chamber takes the refreshed blood from the lungs and pumps it into the aorta

A

left ventricle

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9
Q

the supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue consistent with its current metabolic need

A

perfusion

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10
Q

structures in the heart that act as gateways, sitting in open position when blood needs to pass through them

A

valves

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11
Q

valves between the upper and lower heart chambers

A

atrioventricular valves

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12
Q

atrioventricular valve situated between the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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13
Q

atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

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14
Q

valves between the ventricles and the pulmonary trunk of the aorta

A

semilunar valves

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15
Q

semilunar valve between the right ventricle and pulmonic trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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16
Q

semilunar valve between the left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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17
Q

muscles that support the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

A

papillary muscles

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18
Q

structures that, among other things, attach the papillary muscles to the cusps of valves

A

chordae tendineae

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19
Q

term for disease/damage causing a valve to open poorly or incompletely

A

stenotic

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20
Q

term for disease/damage causing a valve to close poorly or incompletely

A

regurgitative

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21
Q

inner layer of the heart

A

endocardium

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22
Q

middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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23
Q

outer layer of the heart

A

pericardium

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24
Q

thickest layer of the heart, responsible for the contraction of the heart wall

A

myocardium

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25
a serous sac in which the heart sits
pericardium
26
inner layer of the pericardium
visceral pericardium/epicardium
27
outer layer of the pericardial sac
parietal pericardium
28
layer of the pericardium that attaches the parietal layer to the surrounding structures of the heart
fibrous pericardium
29
the space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium
pericardial cavity
30
blood vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
coronary arteries/veins
31
a large vein that empties coronary blood supply into the right atrium
coronary sinus
32
structure of the heart in which the signals for myocardial contraction originate
sinoatrial node
33
the two paths through which the sinoatrial node depolarization wave travels
bachmann's bundle and atrioventricular node
34
signals from the SA node exit the atrioventricular node into what structure
the AV bundle (bundle of His)
35
the bundle of His separates into what two structures
left and right bundle branches
36
the bundle branches from the AV bundle terminate in what structures
perkinje fibres
37
structures that communicate the signal to the muscle cells of the myocardium
purkinje fibres
38
structures within myocardial fibre membranes which create several points of rapid communication among adjacent cells
intercalated discs
39
the name for number of times the heart beats per minute
heart rate
40
stretch receptors stimulated by the distortion of the arterial wall with pressure changes
arterial baroreceptors
41
afferent neural influence of the heart that initiate reflex autonomic responses to change the cardiac output, heart rate, and blood vessel tone
arterial baroreceptors
42
afferent neural influence of the heart, generate signals that influence distribution of blood volume in different parts of the system. involved in managing average blood pressure
low pressure baroreceptors
43
what input results in increased heart activity
sympathetic nervous system
44
what input results in decreased heart activity
parasympathetic nervous system
45
largest vessel in the arterial system
aorta
46
blood vessel that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
aorta
47
where are the coronary arteries located
proximal end of the aortic arch
48
aka for blood reservoirs, large veins that can adjust or manage the percentage of total blood volume in the arterial system
capacitance vessels
49
3 levels of blood vessels (excluding capillaries)
tunica intima, media, externa/adventitia
50
blood vessel layer made of endolethial cells and some elastin
tunica intima
51
blood vessel layer with variable amounts of elastin and smooth muscle
tunica media
52
blood vessel layer largely consisting of collagen
tunica adventitia/externa
53
blood vessels with only one layer and a basement membrane
capillaries
54
the simultaneous contraction of the two ventricles resulting in expulsion of the blood from the heart
heart beat
55
the number of times the heart beats in one minute
heart rate
56
the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
systole
57
the resting phase of the cardiac cycle
diastole
58
the period from beginning of one heart to the beginning of the next
cardiac cycle
59
the force exerted by blood against the arterial walls during the cardiac cycle
blood pressure
60
pressure applied equally by water on the walls of its container
hydrostatic pressure
61
pressure exerted as a result of the flow of blood and changes according to the contours and branching of the walls
hemodynamic pressure
62
the highest reading achieved as an ejection of blood moves into the vessel
systolic pressure
63
the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per cardiac cycle
stroke volume
64
the lowest reading achieved as an ejection of blood moves into the vessel
diastolic pressure
65
the average pressure in the large arteries
mean arterial pressure
66
the amount of blood in the system
blood volume
67
the quantity of blood that the heart pumps into the systemic circulation each minute
cardiac output
68
left ventricle stroke volume, strength and velocity of blood ejection, and elasticity of aorta are determinants of what?
systolic pressure
69
condition of artieries, resistance of arterioles, and competence of aortic valve are determinants of what?
diastolic pressure
70
the sum of all factors the heart overcomes in order to push blood out and create flow through the circulatory circuits
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
71
what is the "equation" for blood pressure
blood pressure= cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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