Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems > infectious disease > Flashcards

infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

illnesses caused by the invasion of the human body by pathogen and microorganisms, producing harmful and potentially lethal consequenses

A

infectious diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

organisms so small they are invisible to the naked eye, can only be seen with a microscope. can be pathogens or non-pathogens

A

microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the presence and multiplication within a host of another living organism with subsequent injury to the host

A

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the ability of an organism to enter, multiply, and survive in a host

A

infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism

A

host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the act of establishing a presence within a host

A

colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the disease producing potential of an invading organism

A

virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an organism so virulent that it is rarely found in the absence of disease

A

pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a multitude of non-harmful bacteria inhabiting the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human body

A

microflora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

free living organisms that obtain nutrition from dead or decaying organic materials in the environment

A

saprophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

an organism which produces an infectious disease only when the health and immunity of the host have been severely compromised

A

opportunistic pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the multitude of non-harmful bacteria inhabiting the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human body acquire survival needs from the host, but the host is not adversely affected.

A

commensalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the skin, nose, pharynx, mouth, colon, rectum, vagina, distal urethra, and perineum are the locations of what?

A

normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an interaction in which colonizing organism and host both derive benefits

A

mutualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an interaction in which a colonizing organism benefits and the host sustains injury

A

parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable genetic material. aggregate in the brain and form plaques

A

prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mutated forms of a normal host protein, may affect other normal proteins and alter them

A

prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: tiny gram negative bacteria that lives inside a host cell.

A

rickettsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: transmitted by insect vectors and cause diseases, rash, and small hemorrhages

A

rickettsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: primitive organism related to bacteria that lack many of the enzymes needed for metabolic process

A

chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: causes a very common sexually transmitted infection which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

A

chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: causes Q fever, and illness that presents with flu-like symptoms, and cause progress to become systemic affecting the heart, lungs, and GI

A

coxiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

organism that combines the characteristics of viruses and bacteria: commonly causes pneumonia, lacks a cell wall, therefore are not affected by antimicrobial drugs

A

mycoplasmas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

free living eukaryotic saprophytes found in every habitat on heart

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

type of fungi: single celled organisms about the size of RBCs, produce asexually through a budding process

A

yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

type of fungi: grow in long filaments called hyphae

A

molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

members of the animal kingdom that infect and cause disease in other animals

A

parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

organisms including protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods

A

parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

study of factors, events, and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious disease in human population

A

epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

number of new disease cases

A

incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

number of active disease cases at any given time

A

prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the host, object, location, or substance from which an infectious agent is acquired

A

source of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

acquired from the host’s own microbial flora

A

endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

acquired from sources in the external environment

A

exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

transfer of microbes by physical contact

A

contact transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

microbes are spread across a short distance (less than one meter) by small amounts of fluid (like sneezes or coughs)

A

droplet transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

microbes are transmitted by air currents along long distances (more than one meter)

A

airborne transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

animals, or biting arthropods, transmitting microbes to humans

A

vector born transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

infection is transmitted by a contaminated source (food, water, etc.)

A

vehicle born transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

location-based infections acquired during hospitalization, or from a health care facility

A

nosocomial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

location-based infections acquired outside of health care settings

A

community acquired infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

the process by which a pathogen enters the body and gains access to susceptible tissue

A

portal of entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

any disruption in the integrity of the body’s surface barrier

A

penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

pathogens transmitted directly from infected tissue or secretions to exposed, intact mucous membranes

A

direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

entry of infectious agent occuring through the oral cavity and GI tract

A

ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

entry of infectious agents through the respiratory tract

A

inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the part of the body that is infected

A

site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

infection occurring in one body part

A

local infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

infection occurring in the whole body

A

systemic/generalized infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

the capability of a microorganism to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

the degree of pathogenicity of a pathogen

A

virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

invasive qualities, toxic qualities, adherence to tissue, and ability to avoid host defences are the basis for what?

A

virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

the collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the diasease course

A

symptomatology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

the process of a disease making its way though your system

A

disease course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

phase of disease course: pathogen begins active replication without producing symptoms

A

incubation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

phase of disease course: initial appearance of symptoms

A

prodromal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

phase of disease course: the host experiences maximum impact of the infectious process

A

acute stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

phase of disease course: containment of infection, progressive elimination of the pathogen, repair of damaged tissue, and resolution of associated symptoms

A

convalescent stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

phase of disease course: total elimination of pathogen from the body with no residual signs or symptoms

A

resolution stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

continuous signs and symptoms for months or years without a convalescent stage

A

chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

progresses from infection to resolution without clinically apparent symptoms

A

subclinical/subacute illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

prodrodmal phase is gradual

A

insidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

abrupt onset of illness with little or no prodromal phase

A

fulminant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

history, physical examination, culture, and serology are the basis of what?

A

diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

antimicrobial agent, immunotherapy, and surgical intervention are the basis of what?

A

treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

microscopic, single celled organisms that live in every conceivable environment

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

how can bacteria cause disease?

A

producing toxins, invading tissue, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

different types of bacteria within a species are referred to as what?

A

strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

the most common “stain” treatment to classify bacteria

A

Gram Stain

70
Q

gram-positive bacteria turns what colour when stained?

A

purple

71
Q

gram-negative bacteria turns what colour when stained?

A

pink

72
Q

the three basic shapes of bacteria

A

spheres, rods, spirals

73
Q

term for spherical bacteria

A

cocci

74
Q

term for rod bacteria

A

bacilli

75
Q

term for spiral bacteria

A

spirillum

76
Q

classification of bacteria, needs oxygen to live and grow

A

aerobes

77
Q

classification of bacteria, lives without oxygen

A

anaerobes

78
Q

classification of bacteria, can live with or without oxygen

A

faculative

79
Q

structure of bacteria that protects it and provides a specific shape

A

outer ridge cell wall

80
Q

structure located inside the cell wall, controls movement of nutrients, other materials, and metabolic processes

A

cell membrane

81
Q

structure found on some bacteria outside the cell wall

A

external capsule

82
Q

long “whips” attached to some bacterial cell walls to provide motillity

A

flagella

83
Q

tiny hair-like structures found on some bacteria, usually the gram-negative class

A

pili/fimbriae

84
Q

latent form of bacteria with a coating that is highly resistant to heat and other adverse conditions

A

spores

85
Q

bacterial secretion, diffuses through the body

A

exotoxins

86
Q

bacterial secretion, released when the bacteria dies

A

endotoxins

87
Q

bacterial secretion, usually secreted by gram-positive bacteria

A

exotoxins

88
Q

bacterial secretion, found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria

A

endotoxins

89
Q

bacterial secretion, produced by some bacteria and cause damage to host tissue

A

enzymes

90
Q

bacterial defense: secretion that helps them attach to other bacteria, cells, or body tissues

A

biofilm

91
Q

bacterial defense: enclosed in a protective barrier, protects from ingestion from macrophages

A

capsule

92
Q

bacterial defense: found in gram-negative bacteria. protects from the effects of antibiotics, releases endotoxins when disrupted

A

outer membrane/cell wall

93
Q

bacterial defense: enables bacteria to survive when environmental conditions are difficult, some germinate and become active when reintroduced to a hospitable environment

A

spores

94
Q

bacterial defense: long thin filaments that project from a cell wall and enable bacteria to move from one place to another

A

flagella

95
Q

bacterial defense: genetic mutations that provide protection from drugs

A

antibiotic resistance

96
Q

bacterial disease: comes in over 30 strains. includes pneumonia, boils, and food poisoning

A

staphylococcal (staph) infections

97
Q

bacterial disease: come in A to G strains, most common arise from A and B

A

streptococcal (strep) infections

98
Q

bacterial strain: commonly found in throat and skin. spread by person-to-person contact

A

strep A

99
Q

bacterial strain: causes strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, flesh eating disease

A

strep A

100
Q

bacterial strain: carried by most people without causing illness, but can cause infection when the immune system is weakened, can be transmitted to newborns from their mothers

A

strep B

101
Q

bacterial strain: causes UTIs, pneumonia, blood infections

A

strep B

102
Q

an inflammatory disease that may develop after a strep infection. may affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain.

A

rheumatic fever

103
Q

disease that may lead to endocarditis. includes fever, abdominal pain, nosebleeds, and cardiac problems

A

rheumatic fever

104
Q

a serious infection of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord

A

bacterial meningitis

105
Q

type of infection that includes things like strep throat

A

upper respiratory tract infections

106
Q

type of infection that includes bacterial pneumonia and bronchitis

A

lower respiratory infections

107
Q

infection of the lung parenchyma. the bacteria may be inhaled or enter the lungs through the blood stream

A

pneumonia

108
Q

infection of the bronchioles, similar signs and symptoms to pneumonia, although is generally less painful

A

acute bronchitis

109
Q

infectious bacteria with a waxy capsule, caused by mycobacterium tubuculae

A

tuberculosis

110
Q

infectious bacteria that may remain dormant in the ghon foci, active case begins when the ghon foci rupture

A

tuberculosis

111
Q

granulomas within the lungs

A

ghon foci

112
Q

infections of the intestines, some of the causative bacteria include e. cloi, salmonella, vibrio cholera

A

enteric bacterial infections

113
Q

enteric bacterial infection: most are known as gastroenteritis. symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever

A

salmonella

114
Q

enteric bacterial infection that can lead to typhoid fever

A

salmonella

115
Q

infectious disease more common in developing countries. symptoms include diarrhea or constipation, high fever, brachycardia, raised red spots on upper chest, and enlargement of the liver and spleen

A

typhoid fever

116
Q

a common infection with poor hygiene. spread through the fecal-oral route.

A

shigella

117
Q

bacterial infections that affect the urethra, urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys

A

urinary tract infections

118
Q

the most common tick-borne infection in the northern hemisphere. symptoms include headache, fever, fatigue, depression, “bulls-eye” rash. rash is not itchy or painful

A

lyme’s disease

119
Q

the smallest obligate intracellular pathogen

A

viruses

120
Q

pathogen with no organized cellular structure

A

viruses

121
Q

name for protein coat covering the nucleic acid core of RNA or DNA of a virus

A

capsid

122
Q

can viruses replicate outside of a living cell?

A

no

123
Q

nasal/respiratory, oral/gastrointestinal, and bodily fluids are the routes of what kind of infection?

A

viral

124
Q

response to viral infection: vascular congestion and leakage of exudate

A

inflammation

125
Q

response to viral infection: collection of lymphocytes in infected tissue

A

immune response

126
Q

how are viral infections prevented?

A

immunization

127
Q

acute viral infection that can affect the nervous system, can lead to paralysis

A

poliomyelitis

128
Q

how can poliomyelitis spread?

A

contact with infected mucous, phlegm, or feces

129
Q

highly contagious respiratory infection caused by paramyxovirus

A

rubeola/measels

130
Q

virus that can pass through the placenta to a fetus, can also spread by in haling infected droplets.

A

rubella (german measels)

131
Q

viral infection spread through saliva, affecting the parotid glands

A

mumps

132
Q

common, preventable childhood infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus

A

chicken pox

133
Q

virus that only occurs in people who’ve had chicken pox

A

shingles

134
Q

how does the shingles virus usually get activated?

A

stress

135
Q

mild viral infection of the upper respiratory tract

A

common cold

136
Q

viral infection caused by several different viruses including rhinovirus, adenovirus, and coronavirus

A

common cold

137
Q

viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. varies in severity, and comes in A/B/C types

A

influenza

138
Q

common cold virus that affects the nose

A

rhinovirus

139
Q

common cold virus that affects the glands

A

adenovirus

140
Q

common cold virus that affects the nose, sinus, and upper throat

A

coronavirus

141
Q

illness caused by a new form of coronavirus. spread by close person-person contact

A

SARS

142
Q

the most common type of gastrointestinal infection

A

intestinal flu

143
Q

virus similar to SARS found in Qatar and Saudi Arabia

A

MERS

144
Q

digestive virus spread through contaminated food and water, as well as the F-O route

A

intestinal flu

145
Q

viral infection in 2 types, after initial infection stays dormant in nerve cells

A

herpes simplex

146
Q

type of herpes infection that affects the mouth and skin

A

type 1

147
Q

type of herpes infection that affects the genitals

A

type 2

148
Q

virus with more than 100 types, most are harmless and cause warts. usually spread through sexual contact

A

human papilloma virus

149
Q

infection caused by the Epstein-Bar virus, aka the kissing disease

A

mononucleosis

150
Q

virus that leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome

A

human immunodificiency virus

151
Q

diffuse inflammatory disease of the liver caused by several different viruses, comes in A-E types

A

viral hepatitis

152
Q

form of hepatitis caused by enterovirus

A

hep A

153
Q

form of hepatitis. acute infection

A

hep A

154
Q

form of hepatitis spread by contaminated food and water

A

hep A

155
Q

form of hepatitis spread by contaminated bodily fluids or feces

A

hep B

156
Q

form of hepatitis with a 2-6 month incubation period

A

hep B

157
Q

form of hepatitis often becomes chronic and leads to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer

A

hep C

158
Q

form of hepatitis only present with hep B infection

A

hep D

159
Q

form of hepatitis that clinically resembles hep A, is transmitted by the F-O route

A

hep E

160
Q

any infectious condition that is spread through sexual contact

A

STIs

161
Q

STI caused by HPV

A

genital warts (condylomata acuminata)

162
Q

genital infection caused by candida albicans

A

candidiasis (yest infection)

163
Q

STI caused by anaerobic protozoa

A

trichomoniasis

164
Q

more common STI than gonorrhea, generally asymptomatic in males

A

trichomoniasis

165
Q

one of the most common STIs in north america, mostly goes untreated due to large lack of symptom-presenting population

A

chlamydia

166
Q

STI currently considered to be resistant to all known antibiotics. 90% of cases occur in those between 15 and 44 years old

A

gonorrhea

167
Q

STI caused by treponema pallidum bacteria. has 3 stages

A

syphilis

168
Q

stage of syphilis, characterized by a lesion on the site of sexual contact

A

primary

169
Q

stage of syphilis, includes manculopapular rash and possibility of alopecia

A

secondary

170
Q

stage of syphilis, only 1 in 3 untreated cases result in this stage

A

tertiary

Systems (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions