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disorders of the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

term for cold sores in the oral cavity

A

herpes stomatitis

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2
Q

term for canker sores in the oral cavity

A

apthous somatitis

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3
Q

trouble swallowing

A

dysphagia

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4
Q

inner layer that lines the GI tract

A

mucosa

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5
Q

layer of GI tract that contains blood vessels, glands, and missner’s plexus

A

submucosa

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6
Q

layer of the GI tract that contains circular & longitudinal muscle, myenteric/auerbach’s plexus, performs peristalsis

A

muscularis

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7
Q

outter connective tissue layer of the GI tract

A

serosa

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8
Q

GI tract function: movement through the GI tract

A

motility

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9
Q

GI tract function: breakdown of food/chyme

A

digestion

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10
Q

GI tract function: transfer of substances across an epithelial layer either into the GI tract or blood

A

secretion and absorbption

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11
Q

GI tract function: holding and removing digested substances

A

storage and elimination

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12
Q

the intrinsic nervous system in the GI system

A

enteric nervous system

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13
Q

what controls the digestive system

A

autonomic nerves and hormones

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14
Q

phase of gastric function: regulation by the vagus nerve, lasts around 30 minutes

A

cephalic phase

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15
Q

phase of gastric function: vagus nerve directly stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen to digest proteins

A

cephalic phase

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16
Q

phase of gastric function: activation of the vagus nerve indirectly causes the parietal cells to secrete HCL

A

cephalic phase

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17
Q

phase of gastric function: stimulated by distension of the stomach, chemical nature of chyme

A

gastric phase

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18
Q

phase of gastric function: goal is to release hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes into the stomach

A

gastric phase

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19
Q

phase of gastric function: stimulated by peptides, stimulates pepsinogen and acid secretion

A

gastric phase

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20
Q

phase of gastric function: causes inhibition of gastric activity due to neural reflex and hormones

A

intenstinal phase

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21
Q

phase of gastric function: stretch of the duodenum inhibits gastric motility and secretion

A

intenstinal phase

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22
Q

phase of gastric function: fat in the chyme stimulates an inhibitory hormone

A

intestinal phase

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23
Q

mix of food and acids in the stomach

A

chyme

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24
Q

chyme in the duodenum stimulates what 3 functions

A

gastric inhibition, pancreatic secretion, bile secretion

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25
Q

what controls pancreatic juice secretion

A

secretin and chlolecystokinin

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26
Q

hormone stimulated by a drop in duodenal pH

A

secretin

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27
Q

hormone stimulated by fats and proteins in the duodenum

A

cholecystokinin

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28
Q

disorder of oral cavity: caused by herpes simplex type 1

A

herpes stomatitis

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29
Q

disorder of oral cavity: blisters form, followed by ulceration and hard palate

A

herpes stomatitis

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30
Q

disorder of oral cavity: virus lies dormant in the nervous system and is activated by stress, trauma, or immunosuppression

A

herpes stomatitis

31
Q

disorder of oral cavity: an inflammatory spot in the oral cavity, inside the lips, cheeks, or hard palate

A

aphthous stomatitis

32
Q

disorder of oral cavity: common oral mucosal lesion

A

aphthous stomatitis

33
Q

disorder of oral cavity: shallow, painful ulcers usually less than 1cm in diameter

A

aphthous stomatitis

34
Q

how long do canker sores usually last

35
Q

the superior third of the esophagus is made of what kind of muscle

A

striated muscle

36
Q

what structure is found in the superior third of the esophagus

A

upper esophageal sphincter

37
Q

the distal two thirds of the esophagus is made of what kind of muscle

A

smooth muscle

38
Q

what does the thoracic esophagus enter the abdomen through to become to abdominal esophagus

A

esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

39
Q

where does the upper part of the lower esophageal sphincter lie

A

within the diaphragmatic hiatus

40
Q

what kind of muscle is the lower esophageal sphincter

A

smooth muscle

41
Q

where does the lower section of the lower esophageal sphincter lie

A

intra-abdominally

42
Q

ligament that helps to maintain the position of the lower esophageal sphincter within the abdominal cavity

A

phrenoesophageal ligament

43
Q

where does the phrenoesophageal ligament arise from

A

the diaphragmatic crura

44
Q

phase of swallowing: mastication process involving taste, temperature, touch, and proprioceptive senses for the formation of a bolus of the right size and consistency

A

oral preparatory phase

45
Q

phase of swallowing: manipulation of the bolus toward the pharynx, triggering the pharyngeal reflex as the bolus enters the pharynx

A

oral transit phase

46
Q

phase of swallowing: voluntary, controlled by the cerebral cortex. epiglottis covers the airway during swallowing

A

oral transit phase

47
Q

phase of swallowing: a reflex action in which the bolus moves through the pharynx, followed by the pushing of the bolus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles further into the pharynx, ending with the elevation of the larynx

A

pharyngeal phase

48
Q

phase of swallowing: followed by the relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle, allowing the bolus to pass into the esophagus

A

pharyngeal phase

49
Q

phase of swallowing: under the control of the brainstem and the myenteric plexus

A

esophageal phase

50
Q

phase of swallowing: a pareistaltic wave beginning in the pharynx pushes the bolus sequentially from the cervical esophagus down through the lower esophageal sphincter and into the stomach

A

esophageal phase

51
Q

term for painful swallowing

A

odynophagia

52
Q

disease commonly known as heartburn

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

53
Q

aka for heartburn

54
Q

the backward movement of gastric contents into the lower esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux

55
Q

most common cause of GERD

A

incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter

56
Q

protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity

A

hiatal hernia

57
Q

two types of hiatal hernia

A

sliding and rolling

58
Q

functions of stomach

A

store food, initiate digestion, kill bacteria, chyme production

59
Q

product of parietal cells

A

HCI and intrinsic factor

60
Q

product of chief cells

A

pepsinogen

61
Q

product of goblet cells

62
Q

product of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells

A

histamine, serotonin

63
Q

product of D cells

A

somatostatin

64
Q

product of G cells

65
Q

inflammation of the gastric mucosa, can involve the entire mucosa or just be regional

66
Q

aka for stomach lining

A

gastric mucosa

67
Q

stomach disorder caused by oral-fecal or contaminated food/water routes. may cause acute or chronic gastritis

A

helicobacter pylori

68
Q

transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa, often caused by an imbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors that maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosa

A

acute gastritis

69
Q

what are the three pathological stages of mucosal damage

A

chronic inflammatory changes, atrophy of stomach lining, mucosal thinning/loss of gastric glands/intenstinal metaplasia

70
Q

circumscribed ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. penedtrates through the muscularis mucosa.

A

peptic ulcer

71
Q

type of peptic ulcer: more common, generally benign, affects young people

A

duodenal ulcer

72
Q

type of peptic ulcer: experienced during periods of increased stress, can go into remission or exacerbation

A

duodenal ulcer

73
Q

type of peptic ulcer: affects older patients, may become malignant

A

gastric ulcer

74
Q

hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, failure to heal, and increased risk of gastric cancer are all complications of what

A

peptic ulcer disease

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