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disorders of the digestive system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

structure of GI system. extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

A

small intestine

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2
Q

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs iron

A

duodenum

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3
Q

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs most of everything

A

jejunum

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4
Q

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs bile salts, B12, water, electrolytes

A

ileum

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5
Q

2 functions of small intestine

A

digestion and absorption

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6
Q

columnar epithelial cells making up the surface of the small intestine

A

villi

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7
Q

structure of small intestine that increases surface area

A

microvilli

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8
Q

structure of GI system. extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

A

large intestine

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9
Q

structure of GI system. responsible for absorption, storage, elimination

A

large intestine

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10
Q

structure of GI system. surface consists of columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, scattered lyphocytes, lymphatic nodules

A

large intestine

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11
Q

alteration in bowel activity. increase in intestinal mobility

A

diarrhea

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12
Q

alteration in bowel activity. characterized by excessively frequent bowel movements with high fluid content

A

diarrhea

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13
Q

virus, bacteria, food poisoning, contaminated water, animal contact, food sensitivity, and drugs are all possible causes of what alteration in bowel activity.

A

diarrhea

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14
Q

what is a common complication of diarrhea

A

dehydration

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15
Q

alteration in bowel activity. decrease in intestinal mobility

A

constipation

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16
Q

alteration in bowel activity. characterized by hard lumpy stools, straining, fewer than 3 bowel movements per week

A

constipation

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17
Q

2 complications of constipation

A

fecal impaction, obstruction

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18
Q

alteration in bowel activity. spastic, irritable, nervous colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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19
Q

alteration in bowel activity. a long term or recurrent disorder of gastrointestinal functioning

A

IBS

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20
Q

alteration in bowel activity. usually involves both small and large intestines

A

IBS

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21
Q

alteration in bowel activity. features disturbances of intestinal/bowel motility and sensation

A

IBS

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22
Q

alteration in bowel activity. no apparent cause, correlated to people with inherited increased sensitivity to GI motility, and to many other common factors

A

IBS

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23
Q

small bowel is hyper-reactive to food, excess mucous production, fecal microflora differences, hypersensitivity to intraluminal pressure, heightened perception to pain of intestinal gas, and food intolerance are all the pathophysiology of what alteration in bowel activity.

A

IBS

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24
Q

headache, fatigue, depression/anxiety, dibromyalgia, jaw tension, dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sexual dysfunction, and pain are signs and symptoms of what alteration in bowel activity.

A

IBS

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25
Q

idiopathic disease of the GI system, come in 2 major types

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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26
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. can involve any segment of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus

A

crohn’s disease

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27
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. primarily affects the colon

A

ulcerative colitis

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28
Q

an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract

A

IBD

29
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic, inflammatory, chronic, progressive

A

crohn’s disease

30
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. inflammation extends all the way through the intestinal wall from mucosa to serosa

A

crohn’s disease

31
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. a relapsing and remitting disease, has the potential to progress extensively from small segments of the GI tract

A

crohn’s disease

32
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. usually appears early in life, average age at diagnosis is 27

A

crohn’s disease

33
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects half of patients with ileitis

A

stenosing

34
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. develops muscle hypertrophy followed by collagen/scar deposition

A

stenosing

35
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects 30% of patients, remains localized to the mucosa and submucosa

A

inflammatory

36
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. diarrhea and pain resulting from acute partial obstruction

A

inflammatory

37
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects 20% of patients with ileitis

A

fistulizing

38
Q

manifestation of crohn’s disease. inflammation leads to formation of intra-abdominal fistulae fromt he disease bowel wall to another bowel loop or nearby organ

A

fistulizing

39
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic inflamatory bowel disease. affects the colonic mucosa

A

ulcerative colitis

40
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. clinically characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematochezia (fresh blood with stools)

A

ulcerative colitis

41
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. may involve only the rectum, the left side of the colon to the splenic flexure, or the entire colon

A

ulcerative colitis

42
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease. variable severity, carcinoma may develop

A

ulcerative colitis

43
Q

acute, inflammatory bowel disorder associated with prolonged use of antibiotics

A

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

44
Q

infection resulting fromt he inflammatory reaction of the bowel wall to irritants produced by c. difficile bacteria

A

clostridum difficile infection

45
Q

a condition of the large intestine featuring the development of multiple, small diverticula through the muscular wall of the mucosa

A

diverticulitis

46
Q

most affected area of diverticulitis

A

sigmoid colon

47
Q

increased intraluminal pressure, decrease in physical activity, poor bowel habits, aging, and low fibre diet are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.

A

diverticulitis

48
Q

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

A

appendicitis

49
Q

obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith and tissue twisting are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.

A

appendicitis

50
Q

accute inflammation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

A

peritonitis

51
Q

serosal membranes that line the abdominal cavity and the organs contained within

A

peritoneum

52
Q

the largest and most complex serous membrane in the body

A

peritoneum

53
Q

cause of primary peritonitis

A

spread of infection from blood and lymph

54
Q

3 causes of secondary peritonitis

A

structure perforation, pelvic inflammatory disease, penetrating wounds

55
Q

a disruption of normal absorption of nutrients across the GI tract

A

intestinal malapsorption

56
Q

an autoimmune disorder that results in damage tot he lining of the small intestine

A

celiac disease

57
Q

disease triggered by ingestion of grains that contain gluten

A

celiac disease

58
Q

clinical term for a “polyp” protruding into the intestinal lumen

A

benign neoplasm

59
Q

polyps with a stalk

A

pedunculated

60
Q

polyps without a stalk

A

sessile

61
Q

which polyps are more concerning due to the migration route if cancerous into the submucosa is more direct

A

sessile

62
Q

term for benign tumour

A

adenoma

63
Q

type of polyp that makes up 2/3 of all polyps

A

adenomatous-type polyps

64
Q

type of adenoma. most common of the 3 types and can be found anywhere in the colon

A

tubular/pedunculated

65
Q

type of adenoma. most common in rectum, larger than the other two types. cauliflower-like

A

villous/sessile

66
Q

type of adenoma. exhibit characteristics of both pedunculated and sessile. intermediate risk of cancer

A

tubulovillous

67
Q

small polyp type that may cause bleeding

A

hyperplastic-type polyps

68
Q

hereditary conditions with high risk of malignancy. colonic polyps occur as aprt of the inherited polyposis syndromes

A

adenomatous polyposis syndromes

69
Q

most common adenomatous polyposis syndrome. characterized by the early onset of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the colon or rectum

A

familia adenomatous polyposis

Systems (13 decks)

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