disorders of the digestive system 2 Flashcards
structure of GI system. extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
small intestine
structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs iron
duodenum
structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs most of everything
jejunum
structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs bile salts, B12, water, electrolytes
ileum
2 functions of small intestine
digestion and absorption
columnar epithelial cells making up the surface of the small intestine
villi
structure of small intestine that increases surface area
microvilli
structure of GI system. extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
large intestine
structure of GI system. responsible for absorption, storage, elimination
large intestine
structure of GI system. surface consists of columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, scattered lyphocytes, lymphatic nodules
large intestine
alteration in bowel activity. increase in intestinal mobility
diarrhea
alteration in bowel activity. characterized by excessively frequent bowel movements with high fluid content
diarrhea
virus, bacteria, food poisoning, contaminated water, animal contact, food sensitivity, and drugs are all possible causes of what alteration in bowel activity.
diarrhea
what is a common complication of diarrhea
dehydration
alteration in bowel activity. decrease in intestinal mobility
constipation
alteration in bowel activity. characterized by hard lumpy stools, straining, fewer than 3 bowel movements per week
constipation
2 complications of constipation
fecal impaction, obstruction
alteration in bowel activity. spastic, irritable, nervous colon
irritable bowel syndrome
alteration in bowel activity. a long term or recurrent disorder of gastrointestinal functioning
IBS
alteration in bowel activity. usually involves both small and large intestines
IBS
alteration in bowel activity. features disturbances of intestinal/bowel motility and sensation
IBS
alteration in bowel activity. no apparent cause, correlated to people with inherited increased sensitivity to GI motility, and to many other common factors
IBS
small bowel is hyper-reactive to food, excess mucous production, fecal microflora differences, hypersensitivity to intraluminal pressure, heightened perception to pain of intestinal gas, and food intolerance are all the pathophysiology of what alteration in bowel activity.
IBS
headache, fatigue, depression/anxiety, dibromyalgia, jaw tension, dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sexual dysfunction, and pain are signs and symptoms of what alteration in bowel activity.
IBS
idiopathic disease of the GI system, come in 2 major types
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
type of inflammatory bowel disease. can involve any segment of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus
crohn’s disease
type of inflammatory bowel disease. primarily affects the colon
ulcerative colitis
an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract
IBD
type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic, inflammatory, chronic, progressive
crohn’s disease
type of inflammatory bowel disease. inflammation extends all the way through the intestinal wall from mucosa to serosa
crohn’s disease
type of inflammatory bowel disease. a relapsing and remitting disease, has the potential to progress extensively from small segments of the GI tract
crohn’s disease
type of inflammatory bowel disease. usually appears early in life, average age at diagnosis is 27
crohn’s disease
manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects half of patients with ileitis
stenosing
manifestation of crohn’s disease. develops muscle hypertrophy followed by collagen/scar deposition
stenosing
manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects 30% of patients, remains localized to the mucosa and submucosa
inflammatory
manifestation of crohn’s disease. diarrhea and pain resulting from acute partial obstruction
inflammatory
manifestation of crohn’s disease. affects 20% of patients with ileitis
fistulizing
manifestation of crohn’s disease. inflammation leads to formation of intra-abdominal fistulae fromt he disease bowel wall to another bowel loop or nearby organ
fistulizing
type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic inflamatory bowel disease. affects the colonic mucosa
ulcerative colitis
type of inflammatory bowel disease. clinically characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematochezia (fresh blood with stools)
ulcerative colitis
type of inflammatory bowel disease. may involve only the rectum, the left side of the colon to the splenic flexure, or the entire colon
ulcerative colitis
type of inflammatory bowel disease. variable severity, carcinoma may develop
ulcerative colitis
acute, inflammatory bowel disorder associated with prolonged use of antibiotics
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
infection resulting fromt he inflammatory reaction of the bowel wall to irritants produced by c. difficile bacteria
clostridum difficile infection
a condition of the large intestine featuring the development of multiple, small diverticula through the muscular wall of the mucosa
diverticulitis
most affected area of diverticulitis
sigmoid colon
increased intraluminal pressure, decrease in physical activity, poor bowel habits, aging, and low fibre diet are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.
diverticulitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
appendicitis
obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith and tissue twisting are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.
appendicitis
accute inflammation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum
peritonitis
serosal membranes that line the abdominal cavity and the organs contained within
peritoneum
the largest and most complex serous membrane in the body
peritoneum
cause of primary peritonitis
spread of infection from blood and lymph
3 causes of secondary peritonitis
structure perforation, pelvic inflammatory disease, penetrating wounds
a disruption of normal absorption of nutrients across the GI tract
intestinal malapsorption
an autoimmune disorder that results in damage tot he lining of the small intestine
celiac disease
disease triggered by ingestion of grains that contain gluten
celiac disease
clinical term for a “polyp” protruding into the intestinal lumen
benign neoplasm
polyps with a stalk
pedunculated
polyps without a stalk
sessile
which polyps are more concerning due to the migration route if cancerous into the submucosa is more direct
sessile
term for benign tumour
adenoma
type of polyp that makes up 2/3 of all polyps
adenomatous-type polyps
type of adenoma. most common of the 3 types and can be found anywhere in the colon
tubular/pedunculated
type of adenoma. most common in rectum, larger than the other two types. cauliflower-like
villous/sessile
type of adenoma. exhibit characteristics of both pedunculated and sessile. intermediate risk of cancer
tubulovillous
small polyp type that may cause bleeding
hyperplastic-type polyps
hereditary conditions with high risk of malignancy. colonic polyps occur as aprt of the inherited polyposis syndromes
adenomatous polyposis syndromes
most common adenomatous polyposis syndrome. characterized by the early onset of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the colon or rectum
familia adenomatous polyposis
