pathology of the integumentary system Flashcards
the interface between the body’s external and internal environment
skin
traumatic or pathologic loss of normal tissue continuity, structure or function
lesion
lesion: small flat circumscribed lesion of a different colour than the normal skin
macule
lesion: small, firm, elevated lesion
papule
lesion: elevated lesion larger than a papule
nodule
lesion: elevated, erythematous lesion that usually contains contains purulent exudate (pus)
pustule
lesion: elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid
vesicle
lesion: large, slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface. often topped by scale
plaque
lesion: dry, rough surface, or dried exudates, or blood
crust
lesion: thick, dry, rough skin surface
lichenification
lesion: raised, irregular mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar formation
keloid
lesion: small, deep crack or tear in the skin
fissure
lesion: cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis and dermis, often weeping or bleeding
ulcer
lesion: shallow moist cavity in the epidermis
erosion
temporary eruptions of the skin
rash
associated with childhood diseases, heat, irritation, allergies, or drug induced reactions
rash
white rash
blanched
red rash
erythematous
rash containing blood
hemorrhagic/purpuric
coloured rash
pigmented
a vesicle of fluid filled papule (bulla)
blister
a degeneration of epidermal cells, and disruptions of intercellular junctions. this causes layers of skin to separate and fluid to accumulate
blister
hyperkeratotic plaque of skin due to chronic pressure or friction, leading to increased cohesion between the cells
callous
small, well circumscribed, conical, keratinous thickening of the skin
corns
term for general itching, originating in free nerve endings in the skin (nociceptors)
puritis
dry skin caused by dehydration of the stratum corneum
xerosis
skin condition that may be the primary sign of a skin disorder or an underlying systemic disease
xerosis
skin disorders involving melanocytes
pigmentary skin disorders
white patches that suddenly appear on the skin
vitiligo
pigmentary skin disorder due to the absence, decrease, or dysfunction of melanocytes
vitiligo
pigmentary skin disorder: genetic disorder with complete or partial congenital absence of pigment in the skin
albinism
the most common form of albinism
recessively inherited oculocutaneous albinism
pigmentary skin disorder: characterised by darkened macules on the face
chloasma (melasma)
superficial fungal infection of the skin: fungus invades dead keratinized tissue
tinea (ringworm)
term for ringworm on the body
tinea corporis
term for ringworm on the face
tinea faciale
term for ringworm on the head
tinea capitis
term for ringworm on the hands
tinea manus
term for ringworm on the feet
tinea pedis
term for ringworm on the nails
tinea unguium
term for ringworm on the genitals
tinea cruris
type of bacterial infection: generally superficial
primary
type of bacterial infection: occur in a pre-existing lesion, and may be deeper
secondary
a bacterial infection of a hair follicle which spreads to the surrounding dermis
furuncles
bacterial infection that begins as a firm, red, painful nodule. develops into a large painful mass
furuncle
a collection of furuncles
carbuncles
a common, superficial infection caused by staph or group A hemolytic strep
impetigo
bacterial infection easily contracted in warm, moist climates. initially appaers as a small vesicle or pustule, or as a large bulla
impetigo
an ulcerative form of impetigo, caused by staph/strep
ecthyma
deep infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
cellulitis
viral infection. common benign papillomae caused by HPV
verrucae
dermatitis caused by chemicals or environmental substances that come in contact with skin, or by rubbing
irritant contact dermatitis
a cell mediated type IV hypersensitivity due to sensitization to an allergen
allergic contact dermatitis
a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, often seen in those with a family history of asthma, hayfever, and atopic dermatitis
atopic dermatitis/eczema
dermatitis characterized by edematous plaques with intense itching
urticaria
localized or systemic eruptions of the skin. topical drugs are responsible
drug induced skin eruptions
a group of skin disorders characterized by scaling papules and plaques; includes psoriasis and lichen planus
papulosquamous dermatoses
a relatively common chronic, pruritic disease, causing inflammation and papular eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
lichen planus
papulosquamous dermatitis, happens as a result of an abnormal immune response linked to Hep C infection
lichen planus
chronic inflammatory skin disorder caused by abnormal activation of T-cells
psoriasis
a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. excess sebum production can plug up the pores of the units
acne
non-inflammatory lesions
comedomes
plugs of material that accumulate in oil glands
blackheads
pale, slightly elevated papules with no visible orifice
whiteheads
inflammatory lesions with raised areas less than 5mm in diameter
papules
inflammatory lesions with a central core of purulent exudate
pustules
inflammatory lesions more than 5mm in diameter, may be hemorrhagic
nodules
suppurative notules
cysts
type of acne. most common among adolescents and young adults
acne vulgaris
type acne. occurs later in life, chronic
acne congoblata
chronic inflammatory process that occurs in adults 40 and up, it is often confused with acne, and may occur at any time
rosacea
arthropod infestation caused by mites, which burrow into the epidermis
scabies
small insects that live off the blood of animals. lice are host specific, and host dependent
pediculosis
type of UV rays, very short and do not pass through the atmosphere
UVC
type of UV rays, responsible for nearly all of the skin effects of sunlight
UVB
type of UV rays, more commonly referred to as “sun tanning rays”
UVA
effects of ultraviolet radiation
direct skin cell damage, accelerates the effects of aging, produces changes that can lead to cancer
CHESS acronym for sun protection
Clothing, Hats, Eyeglasses, Sunscreens, Shade
an erythematous, inflammatory reaction of the skin to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation
sunburn
the most common type of cancer
skin cancer
common, benign tumours of the skin
Nevi (moles)
a proliferation of melanocytes, grow in clusters along the dermal/epidermal junction
nevi (moles)
a form of mole that has the capacity to transform into malignant melanoma
dysplasic nevus
the ABCDE acronym to determin a dysplasic nevus
Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution
rapidly progression malignant tumour of melanocytes
malignant melanoma
the second most common malignant tumour of the outer dermis
squamous cell carcinoma
neoplasm of the non-keratinizing cells of the basal layer of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
the most common skin cancer of light skinned people
basal cell carcinoma
small red lesions that are noticed shortly after birth
hemangiomas of infancy
a vascular birth mark
port-wine stains
pink or red patches usually seen on the face, but can occur anywhere
port-wine stains
when do hemaginomas of infancy disappear
by age 7
thinning of epidermis and dermis, diminution of subcutaneous tissue, decrease in melanocytes, decrease/thickening of blood vessels, decrease of resistance to trauma, and longer repair times are all skin manifestations/disorders of what
aging
benign, soft papules. size varies from pinhead to pea, colour may be natural skin tone, or more brown
skin tags
horny growth of keratinocytes, may be benign or a pre-cancerous lesion
keratosis
a well bordered, brown to black macule, usually less than 1cm in diameter
lentigines (liver spots)
smooth, cherry red or purple papule, usually found on the trunk
angiomas
single dilated blood vessels, capillaries, or terminal arteries
telangiectases
small, dark blue, slightly raised papules that have a lake-like appearance. smooth and compressible
venous lakes
