Valvular heart disease Flashcards
Leaflets on each of the valves?
How many chordae tendinae?
What is regurgitation and stenosis?
what does this lead to clinically?
What complications can valve pathologies lead to?
What is this showing? What causes this to happen?
Aortic stenosis: due to old age.
What does bicuspid aortic valve lead to often?
Calcified aortic valve
What is rheumatic fever, what causes it?
Which layers of the heart are affected?
Can lead to rheumatic heart disease.
What characterises rheumatic heart disease?
Which parts are involved most of the time?
Which group in nz are most affected by rheumatic fever and heart disease?
- What can you do to prevent recurrence?
Risk factors of getting rheumatic fever?
Why is there no point in treating the bacteria after rheumatic fever develops?
Clinical features of Rheumatic fever?
Endocarditis vs myocarditis vs pericarditis.
If someone dies from heart disease then what will it be from?
Explain the pathology of endocarditis from rheumatic fever?
Pathology of rheumatic myocarditis?
Foci are called? What do they consist of (what are the macrophages)?
What are catepillar cells?
This is heart tissue, what is your diagnosis and what are each of the circled tings?
WHat is going on here?
What occurs to leaflets and chordae tendinae in RHD?
How often is the mitral valve affected?
What chronic disease process can this lead to?
What is infective endocarditis?
What more serious condition can this lead to?
Bacteraemia: presence of bacteria in the blood stream. Normally no problem.
Platelet thrombi are very sticky and a good medium for the bacteria to colonise on the valves. Bacteria will start to flourish.
This is called infective endocarditis.
Friable: crumbly like cookies which can detach and embolism.
These are called septic emboli, the bacteria on them will grow and cause septic abscesses where they go.
What is subacute infective endocarditis?
how can you prevent it from occuring?
What is acute endocarditis?
What activity can cause it to occur?
This is acute infectious endocarditis, which cells are present here
If you take a biopsy of one of them they will not just be platelet fibrin thrombi, they will be full of acute inflammatory cells such as neutrophils.
Why are septic emboli dangerous?
