Introduction to Neoplasia

Question 1

What does tissue transformation mean?

Answer 1

Question 2

For malignant transformation, cells need to….

Answer 2

Question 3

Which 4 major classes of genes are deregulated in cancer?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are proto-oncogenes controlling normally?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Explain TP53, how it works, and what happens if it is not working properly?

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain what retinoblastoma does?

Answer 7

Question 8

Benign tumours end with..

Answer 8

Question 9

Another name for mesenchymal tumours?

Answer 9

Sarcomas: Connective tissue tumours. Fleshy looking.

Question 10

What are malignant cancers of epithelial origin?

Answer 10

Carcinomas

Question 11

Malignant tumour of glandular origin?

Answer 11

Adenocarcinoma.

Question 12

cancer of squamous cell origin?

Answer 12

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

What is a teratoma?

Answer 14

Question 15

4 criteria to determine malignancy from benign?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is anaplasia? What is the opposite to anaplasia?

What does this mean for cancer?

Answer 16

Benign cancers are well differentiated.

Malignant cancers may be very anaplastic/undifferentiated.

Question 17

What is dysplasia?
Is staging or grading used for dysplasia?

Answer 17

Question 18

morphological changes with anaplasia?

Answer 18

Question 19

Rate of growth of malignant tumour vs benign?

Answer 19

Question 20

Why do benign cancers grow a capsule around them?

Answer 20

Question 21

Why are malignant cancers poorly demarcated?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is a metastasis?

What routes do they use to metastasise?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is TNM staging of cancer?

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24