Painful joints - Tutorial

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Component of cartilage that allows distribution of weight?

Prevents wear and tear?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is osteoarthritis?

Ialtered ________ homeostasis

Answer 3

Question 4

3 stages of osteoperosis?

Explain each stage

Answer 4

1. Fibrillation of cartilage.
2. Eburnation of bone (polishing and grinding of bone on bone articulation)
3. Sclerosis (bone below area of cartilage becomes more dense).
4. Subcondral cyst: small fractures under eburnated bone –> joint fluid is forced into subarticular space –> fluid icites a host response and a fibrous capsule is made around it

Question 5

What is this joint showing?

Answer 5

Question 7

What are these numbers shownig?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are osteophytes?

What are the names of these in the DIP and PIP joints?

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Treatment of osteoarthritis?

Answer 10

Question 11

What disease is causing this to happen?

Answer 11

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

What causes rheumatoid arthritis?
Who is more likely to get it?

Which joints are involved?

What can be detected in the blood of these patients (diagnostic)?

Answer 12

Question 13

What genetic involvement does rheumatoid arthritis have?

Is it purely genetic? Explain

Answer 13

Not purely genetic:

Smoking: promote citrullination of self protiens.

Infections: microbial antigens may promote disease and citrullination of proteins. EBV has been incriminated.

Question 15

Which T cells are important for RA?
What cytokines to they produce and how does lead to pathogenesis of disease?

Answer 15

IFN-Y from Th1 activate macrophages.

TNF-a from macrophages stimulate synovial cells and chondrocytes to secrete proteases that destroy cartilage and ligaments, and stimulate osteoclasts to erode the bone.

Question 17

What would you see with the histology of a pannus formation?

Answer 17

Question 18

Local vs systemic affects of RA?

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the pathology going on here?

What is the condition?

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the pathology going on here?

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain the pathology going on here?

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Treatment of RA?

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the main aetiological agent of osteomyelitis?

What is ostomyelitis?

Answer 24

Question 25

What is 'involcrum' and 'sequestrum'?

Answer 25

Question 26

What two consequences of osteomyelitis is this picture demonstrating?

Answer 26

Question 27

what is this showing as a consequence of osteomyelitis?

Answer 27

Question 28

Treatment of osteomyelitis?

Answer 28

Question 29

WHat pathology is causing this?

Answer 29

Gout

Question 30

What is the cause of gout? Primary vs sencondary gout?

Answer 30

Question 31

What causes attacks of acute gouty arthritis? What is the consequence of gouty arthritis (toe problem)? What is the chronic condition called? What are the aggregates called?

Answer 31

Urate crystals involved into the synovial membrane which become surrounded by inflammatory cells. These aggregates are called **tophi and a condition called chronic tophaceous gout.** - This can cause an intense chronic inflammatory reaction in the synovium with pannus formation and cartilage and bone destruction (like in RA).

Question 32

What is being shown here?

Answer 32

Question 33

What is being shown here?

Answer 33

Question 34

Treatment of gout?

Answer 34

Question 35

What is this showing?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is septic arthritis? What causes it (most common organism?) What is a classic picture of septic arthritis? What is the treatment?

Answer 36